Keep records that show what crypto you acquired or received, when and how much, its value and tax basis, and what happened when you sold, exchanged, spent, or otherwise disposed of it. There is no single retention period for every country. In the United States, ordinary tax records are generally kept through the applicable limitations period—often three years, but longer in some cases—and basis records may need to be kept until after a later taxable sale. Canada’s guidance calls for keeping crypto-asset records for at least six years from the end of the last related tax year.
The periods below describe U.S. federal and Canadian national guidance, not state, provincial, or worldwide rules. Check the tax authority for your jurisdiction and tax year.
Which crypto tax records should you keep?
Keep enough evidence to substantiate each position on your tax return, not just a year-end balance or a summary from a tax app. IRS guidance identifies purchases, receipts, sales, exchanges, other dispositions, transfers, and the fair market value of digital assets received as income or business payment as relevant records. Its digital-asset FAQ was added December 15, 2025. IRS digital-asset transactions FAQ
- Acquisitions and receipts: date and time, asset, quantity, source or transaction type, amount paid or fair market value when received, and applicable fees.
- Dispositions: date and time, asset and quantity, proceeds or value received, fees, and the records and method used to determine basis.
- Income events: records of rewards, mining, staking, or crypto received for services, including the dollar valuation used for reporting.
- Transfers: transaction details and evidence that helps identify your wallets and explain movements between them.
- Supporting documents: exchange statements, wallet exports, on-chain transaction references, invoices, receipts, and filed returns when they support a reported figure.
The IRS identifies asset type, date and time, units, U.S.-dollar fair market value, and basis as relevant calculation inputs. For specific-unit substantiation, its FAQ also lists acquisition and disposition dates and times, basis and fair market value on acquisition, fair market value on disposition, and money or property received. IRS digital-asset transactions FAQ
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Why wallet transfers and platform exports matter
A transfer between wallets you own may not, by itself, be a taxable sale, but its record can help establish ownership and explain where assets went. Keep enough information to connect the sending and receiving addresses and distinguish your own transfer from a payment or disposition. An exchange export may show activity on that platform without documenting a separate wallet’s activity or explaining every movement.
Export custodial platform histories regularly rather than relying on future access to an account. The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) specifically advises exports in case a platform closes, stops serving Canada, or you lose account access. CRA: Keeping books and records of crypto-assets
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How long should you keep crypto tax records?
| Jurisdiction and authority | Retention rule | How the period is anchored | Important conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States, federal (IRS) | Generally through the applicable limitations period; commonly three years, six years for certain substantial omissions, and no limit for a fraudulent return or failure to file a valid return. | The ordinary assessment period is generally three years from filing. For property basis records, the relevant period runs to the limitations period for the year of taxable disposition. | The six-year period applies to specified omissions, including certain income omissions exceeding 25% of gross income or certain foreign financial asset income omissions above $5,000. IRS, Topic no. 305 |
| Canada (CRA) | At least six years. | From the end of the last taxation year to which the records relate. | CRA also recommends regular exports of custodial platform activity histories. CRA: Keeping books and records of crypto-assets |
What the U.S. three-year rule does—and does not—mean
The IRS’s three-year period is a general federal assessment rule, not a blanket instruction to delete crypto records three years after buying an asset or filing the purchase-year return. The IRS says ordinary records supporting income, deductions, or credits should generally be kept until the limitations period for the return expires. Tax Topic 305 states that the assessment period is generally three years from filing, six years for certain omissions, and unlimited when a fraudulent return is filed or no valid return is filed. IRS, Topic no. 305
Keep property records that establish basis until the limitations period expires for the year you dispose of the property in a taxable disposition. If you have not disposed of an asset, the basis records may still be needed for a later return. The applicable period can also be affected by circumstances such as amended returns or business-record requirements; consult the IRS or a qualified tax professional for your situation.
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Canada’s six-year minimum
CRA guidance says crypto-asset books and records must be kept for at least six years from the end of the last taxation year to which they relate. That is a different counting rule from the U.S. federal approach, so do not treat the two periods as interchangeable. Follow CRA’s recordkeeping guidance and retain platform exports and supporting documents that substantiate your reported activity. CRA: Keeping books and records of crypto-assets
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.If you file outside the United States or Canada
The periods above are examples of U.S. federal and Canadian national guidance, not universal rules. Tax retention requirements vary by country, and state or provincial rules and special circumstances may also affect how long records should be kept. Check the relevant tax authority for the rules that apply to your residence, return, and tax year.
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