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A free scan shows the junk files, broken settings and background clutter dragging Windows down - then fixes them in one click.Free scan · Windows 10 & 11Before approving an Ethereum swap, verify the website and wallet connection, identify both tokens by their full contract addresses, check the quoted output and all fees, understand slippage and the minimum amount you will receive, inspect any separate ERC-20 approval, and read the wallet’s transaction prompt. A valid signature only authorizes what is presented to the network; it does not guarantee a favorable price or outcome.
Use the checks below for swaps of ETH or ERC-20 tokens through a decentralized exchange or wallet interface. If any detail is unexpected, unreadable, or materially different from what you intended, stop before signing.
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1. Confirm the site and wallet connection
Open the swap interface from a bookmark you created, a known official source, or a link you have independently verified. Phishing sites can copy a legitimate exchange’s appearance while sending a different transaction to your wallet. Ethereum.org advises against unsolicited support links and warns that no legitimate support process needs your recovery phrase.
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Check the browser domain letter by letter, then verify the network shown by the interface and wallet. A site connected to the wrong network may show a balance or quote that cannot be executed as expected. In the wallet, confirm that the connected account is the account you meant to use, especially if the wallet contains several addresses.
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- Never enter a seed phrase or private key into a swap page, chat window, support form, or pop-up.
- Reject connection requests that arrive unexpectedly or from a domain you did not intentionally open.
- Close duplicate tabs and suspicious extensions before reconnecting from the verified address.
Ethereum.org’s security guidance explains why this matters: a transaction sent on Ethereum is irreversible under normal network operation. You can usually prevent a bad authorization, but you generally cannot undo it after it is mined.
2. Verify both tokens by contract address
Token names, logos, and ticker symbols are not unique identifiers. A counterfeit token can copy the name and symbol of a well-known asset. Before selecting a token, compare its complete hexadecimal contract address with the address published by the issuer or project through an official channel. Use a block explorer or an exchange listing as a secondary cross-check, not as definitive proof that the token is genuine.
The guide to identifying scam tokens on ethereum.org recommends checking the contract address and examining liquidity, while noting that no single indicator proves a token is safe. Copy the address rather than relying on a search result, and compare the first and last characters only as a quick visual check; the full address must match.
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Make sure the token contract belongs to the Ethereum network or the layer-2 network you selected. The same symbol can exist at different addresses on different networks. Confirm that the wallet and swap interface agree on the chain before you approve an allowance or submit a transaction.
Be skeptical of token warnings and promises
A token may have a verified source-code badge, a large holder count, or a familiar logo and still be unsuitable for your trade. Treat these signals as clues, not guarantees. If the token contract, issuer documentation, or network does not match your intended asset, cancel the swap.
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3. Review the quote before signing
Read the complete trade summary in the interface before opening the wallet confirmation. Ethereum.org’s swap guide says to review the exchange rate and other fees before confirming. Record the input amount, estimated output, network fee, and any service or liquidity-provider fee shown.
| Item to verify | Question to answer before approval | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Input token and amount | Is the correct asset and exact quantity being spent? | A mistaken asset or decimal setting changes the economic result. |
| Output token and estimate | Is this the intended contract, and is the expected amount reasonable? | The output estimate is the basis for deciding whether the trade is worthwhile. |
| Exchange rate | What rate is the interface using, and when was the quote generated? | Pool state and market prices can change between quoting and execution. |
| Fees | Which amount is network gas, and which amounts are venue or pool fees? | A seemingly attractive quote can be uneconomic after all charges. |
| Route | Which pools or intermediate tokens will the transaction use? | A route can affect execution price, gas consumption, and contract risk. |
| Minimum output | What is the lowest amount the transaction will accept? | This is the practical floor protecting you from a worse fill. |
Compare quotes at the same time, with the same input size and network. Prices change as liquidity and pool balances change, so a quote captured at another time is not an apples-to-apples comparison.
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Slippage is the difference between your expected exchange rate and the actual rate. It can result from normal price movement, a changing pool state, the size of your order, or transactions that execute before yours.
Check the tolerance and minimum amount received
Swap interfaces commonly let you set a slippage tolerance or show a minimum amount received. The tolerance determines how far execution may move from the quote before the transaction reverts. A loose tolerance can allow a materially worse fill; a setting that is too tight can cause a legitimate trade to fail when the market moves.
- Read the percentage or absolute minimum, not just the headline quote.
- Confirm that the minimum output is consistent with your economic goal after fees.
- Stop if the tolerance is unfamiliar, has changed unexpectedly, or is much wider than you intended.
- For a large trade, consider reducing the order size or splitting execution rather than simply accepting a wider tolerance.
Slippage protection does not make the quoted price certain. It sets a boundary at which the transaction should fail instead of completing. A failed transaction can still consume gas.
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5. Investigate price impact and liquidity
Price impact is the movement caused by your own trade against available pool liquidity. A shallow pool can move sharply when you trade a relatively large amount. Treat a severe warning as a stop signal: reduce the size, compare another route, or abandon the transaction.
The Ethereum Foundation’s October 5, 2026 case study illustrates why warnings deserve attention. In its specific Aave/CoW collateral-swap account, a 99.9 percent price-impact warning appeared; the Foundation described approximately $50.4 million in aEthUSDT value being exchanged for tokens worth about $36,000. Those are approximate values from one reported case, not typical swap statistics or a prediction of your result.
Compare routes on equivalent terms
| Comparison axis | What to compare |
|---|---|
| Net quoted output | Output after every displayed fee, using the same input amount and timestamp. |
| Price impact | The interface’s impact estimate for your exact trade size. |
| Slippage control | The tolerance and minimum-output rule that will be encoded in the transaction. |
| Spender and allowance | The contract address requesting permission and the amount it may spend. |
| Transaction readability | Whether your wallet clearly identifies the recipient, method, amounts, and permissions. |
| Network cost | Estimated gas and any additional venue or routing charges. |
No route is automatically safe because it offers the highest displayed output. Evaluate the whole set of terms and reject any route whose spender, permissions, or transaction details you cannot explain.
6. Treat ERC-20 approval as a separate security decision
Many ERC-20 swaps require an approval transaction before the swap itself. An allowance gives a specified spender permission to transfer your token up to a specified amount. Approval is not the swap and does not prove that the later trade will be favorable.
Verify the spender and amount
- In the wallet prompt, identify the spender contract address.
- Compare it with the router or exchange contract documented by the verified interface.
- Check the allowance amount. If the interface allows it, choose the smallest amount that covers the intended trade rather than an unlimited allowance.
- Reject an approval that names an unrelated contract, requests permissions for another token, or contradicts the page you opened.
Unlimited approvals can leave funds exposed if the spender or interface is malicious or later compromised. The Ethereum Foundation’s security report discusses blind signing and approval risk at ethereum.org/reports/trillion-dollar-security.pdf?_rsc=1cy0q. Review existing allowances periodically and revoke permissions you no longer need using a tool you independently verify.
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7. Read the wallet prompt, not just the website
The wallet confirmation is the final checkpoint before broadcast. Its decoded details should agree with the swap page: recipient or router, input token and amount, expected protections, and any approval spender.
Do not blind-sign unexplained data
If the wallet displays only raw calldata, an unexplained recipient, unrelated permissions, or a request that conflicts with the interface, do not sign until you can independently decode and understand it. A polished website cannot make an opaque wallet request safe.
The Ethereum Foundation’s clear-signing announcement describes the goal of human-readable, structured transaction descriptions and review on a secondary device, while noting that support varies across wallets and applications: Clear Signing: Making Transaction Approvals Safer on Ethereum. A hardware wallet can provide a separate screen for review in higher-risk situations, but no device is established as able to identify every fake token or render every swap perfectly.
Separate intent mismatch from outcome mismatch
An intent mismatch occurs when the transaction shown is not the transaction you thought you were approving. An outcome mismatch occurs when you authorize the transaction you saw, but changing state or permissive parameters still produce a result outside your economic goal.
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8. Decide when not to sign
Cancel the transaction when any of these conditions applies:
- The domain, connected account, network, token contract, or spender is not the one you intended.
- The wallet request is unreadable or contains a permission unrelated to the swap.
- The quote changes unexpectedly, the minimum output is missing, or the slippage tolerance is unfamiliar.
- The price-impact warning is severe, especially for a trade large enough to move a thin pool.
- You cannot explain the gas cost, route, approval amount, or recipient.
- Someone is pressuring you to sign, asking for your seed phrase, or claiming urgency from “support.”
Stopping is a successful safety decision. You can reopen the verified interface later, obtain a fresh quote, reduce the amount, or seek independent technical help without surrendering custody information.
9. Verify the result after signing
After you approve a transaction, copy its hash and inspect it through a trusted block explorer rather than relying only on a wallet notification or website animation. Ethereum.org’s swap instructions recommend checking the transaction in an explorer.
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- Confirm whether the transaction is pending, successful, or failed.
- Check the actual token transfers and amounts, not merely the status label.
- Compare the recipient, spender, and contract interactions with what you approved.
- Record the gas used and investigate any unexpected transfer before making another approval.
A failed transaction can still consume gas. A successful transaction is normally irreversible, so an explorer review is for verification and incident response, not for undoing the trade.
10. What ERC-8377 changes—and what it does not
ERC-8377, Reference-Relative Slippage Bounds, proposes a policy that separates expected non-adversarial costs—such as pool fees and modeled price impact—from adverse deviation. It also describes an optional deadline and a reference price independent of the venue being traded.
This is an Ethereum Improvement Proposal, not a feature you should assume an ordinary wallet or swap already implements. Until a specific interface clearly supports such bounds, use the controls actually displayed in your wallet and swap: quoted output, minimum output, slippage tolerance, deadline if present, and decoded spender details.
Quick pre-sign decision
Sign only when you can answer “yes” to all of the following:
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Quick Recap
- Am I on the intended domain, network, and wallet account?
- Do both full token contract addresses match trusted issuer information?
- Do the input, output, route, exchange rate, fees, and gas match my plan?
- Do I understand the slippage tolerance and minimum output?
- Is the price impact acceptable for this trade size and liquidity?
- Is any approval limited to the correct spender and amount?
- Can I read and reconcile the wallet’s decoded request?
- Do I know how I will verify the transaction hash afterward?
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