China’s rare-earth export controls are not a blanket ban. The April 2025 licensing requirements for seven named elements and related permanent magnets remained in force in RUSI’s June 2026 account. A broader package announced in October 2025 was suspended until November 10, 2026, according to China’s Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) on April 10, 2026. That date is a deadline: as of October 4, 2026, whether the suspension will be extended, end or be modified is unresolved.
What changed in China’s rare-earth export controls?
There are two distinct measures, announced six months apart. The first introduced licensing for specified rare earths and magnets. The second announced a much wider set of controls but was later suspended. Treating them as one measure obscures what remains in force.
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| Measure | Announcement and scope | Status reported in 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| April 2025 controls | Beginning April 4, China introduced non-automatic licensing controls for seven rare-earth elements and permanent magnets produced from them, according to the European Parliament’s March 31, 2026 resolution. | RUSI’s June 2026 analysis says these controls remained in force. |
| October 2025 expansion | Announced October 9, it extended the proposed controls across additional goods, equipment and technologies throughout the supply chain, and included provisions covering some transactions between foreign countries. | MOFCOM said April 10, 2026, that the measures had been suspended until November 10, 2026. RUSI says six October announcements—Nos. 55, 56, 57, 58, 61 and 62—were suspended from November 7, 2025, through that date. |
Which rare earths and products are covered?
The European Parliament’s March 31, 2026 resolution identifies the seven elements subject to the April 2025 controls as samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium and yttrium. The controls also cover permanent magnets produced from those elements. They are seven of the 17 rare-earth elements, not all rare earths.
RUSI’s June 2026 account describes the October expansion as reaching rare-earth elements and products, related equipment and technologies in mining, cracking and separation, metal production, magnetic-material manufacturing, and recovery of secondary resources. It also describes provisions that could reach some overseas transactions involving covered materials or Chinese technology. That was the announced scope of the package; the six October announcements RUSI identifies were subsequently suspended through November 10, 2026.
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Are rare-earth exports banned?
MOFCOM describes its approach as licensing rather than a blanket export ban. On October 13, 2025, spokesperson He Yadong said: “China’s export controls are not export bans. Licenses will be granted for eligible applications.” On April 10, 2026, the ministry said applications meeting requirements, including genuine civilian-use applications, would be approved according to law. These are the government’s stated policies, not independently measured approval rates or evidence that every eligible application received a license.
What do export and supply figures show?
RUSI reported that China exported 62,585 tonnes of rare earths across the value chain in 2025, a 12.9% increase year over year, citing Chinese customs data. That overall figure does not show that exports of the controlled elements rose: RUSI also reports that exports of the seven controlled elements declined during 2025. Aggregate totals and shipments of specific controlled materials measure different things.
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The European Parliament’s March 31, 2026 resolution says China accounts for around 75% of rare-earth mining output and 85% of processing capacity, with a share above 95% for some elements. Those are figures asserted by the resolution. They indicate the concentration described by the Parliament, but they do not by themselves quantify the effect of a particular licensing measure on prices or supply.
What happens after November 10, 2026?
The October package’s suspension is scheduled to run through November 10, 2026, according to MOFCOM’s April 10 statement and RUSI’s June analysis. As of October 4, 2026, the available information does not establish whether the suspension will then be extended, allowed to end or changed. Do not read the deadline as proof that the expanded controls will automatically take effect the next day. The April 2025 licensing controls are separate and, in RUSI’s June 2026 account, remained in force.
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