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TerraPower and Sabey Data Centers did not announce a completed reactor sale or a data-center power contract. On January 21, 2025, the companies announced a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to explore using TerraPower’s Natrium advanced nuclear plants to support Sabey’s existing and future data centers.
The proposed projects could involve the Rocky Mountain region and Texas. However, no final site, reactor order, electricity price, financing package, construction start date for a Sabey facility, or binding deployment schedule was disclosed.
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What TerraPower and Sabey actually agreed to
TerraPower, the nuclear innovation company founded by Bill Gates and other investors, and privately owned Sabey Data Centers announced an MOU to develop a strategic collaboration framework. The companies said they would explore deployment structures and potential projects involving Natrium plants and Sabey’s data-center operations.
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The companies’ announcement did not name a specific end customer, final project location, ownership structure, construction budget, or power price.
Where potential projects could be built
The companies identified the Rocky Mountain region and Texas as possible areas for collaboration. The Rocky Mountain reference is relevant to TerraPower’s Natrium demonstration project in Wyoming, while Texas is relevant to Sabey’s data-center operations and development activity.
That geographic description should not be confused with a confirmed site. The announcement did not say that an existing Sabey facility would immediately be connected to a Natrium plant, nor did it identify a particular campus where construction would begin.
How Natrium is supposed to work
Natrium combines a 345-megawatt sodium-cooled fast reactor with a molten-salt energy-storage system. TerraPower and Sabey say the integrated system could increase output to as much as 500 megawatts when needed.
The distinction matters: 345 MW is the stated electrical output of the reactor. The 500-MW figure describes the company’s claimed peak capability for the reactor-and-storage system. It should not be read as the reactor continuously generating 500 MW.
The storage component is central to the pitch. A reactor can provide steady generation, while stored thermal energy could help the system respond to short-term demand increases. That flexibility could be useful for data centers, whose computing loads may be large and relatively constant but can also rise sharply.
Natrium is best described as an advanced reactor system rather than simply a “mini reactor.” Small modular reactor is a broad industry category; Natrium uses a sodium-cooled fast-reactor design paired with molten-salt storage and is intended as a utility-scale project.
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Why data centers are considering nuclear power
Artificial-intelligence computing and other high-density workloads require substantial, continuous electricity. Data-center developers also face grid-interconnection queues, transmission constraints, reliability requirements, and corporate targets for lower-carbon energy.
Nuclear generation is attractive in this context because it can provide firm electricity without the direct combustion emissions of coal or natural gas. A plant located near a large data-center load could potentially reduce exposure to constrained transmission infrastructure.
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That would not make a campus independent of the wider power system. A data center would still need grid connections, backup generation, cooling systems, power-quality equipment, maintenance plans, and protection against reactor outages or other disruptions.
“Carbon-free” also does not mean impact-free. Nuclear projects involve mining and fuel processing, construction, water and land-use considerations, radioactive-waste management, and eventual decommissioning. Lifecycle impacts and local conditions matter when comparing nuclear with gas, renewables, or other power sources.
The companies framed their partnership around expected U.S. electricity growth from data centers and AI. Those projections are company-provided and should be treated as attributed forecasts rather than independently verified demand estimates.
What is happening with TerraPower’s Wyoming project?
TerraPower and Sabey said TerraPower broke ground in 2024 on an advanced nuclear project near a retiring coal facility in Wyoming. The companies said the first Natrium plant was expected to come online in 2030 through the U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program.
That is a target, not a guarantee. Breaking ground does not mean the reactor is complete, licensed for operation, or producing electricity. The Wyoming project is intended to demonstrate and commercialize the technology; it is not evidence that Natrium is already deployed commercially at scale.
A separate Sabey project would require its own site selection, financing, licensing, construction, interconnection, customer commitments, and operating arrangements.
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The January 2025 announcement said Natrium was the only advanced nuclear technology with a commercial-reactor construction permit application pending before the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission at that time. That is a time-specific claim from the companies, not a permanent description of the industry.
The NRC’s advanced-reactor overview explains the broader regulatory context. A project would generally need to address:
- NRC licensing and safety review;
- environmental review and site approval;
- local permits and community engagement;
- availability and qualification of the required nuclear fuel;
- construction financing and supply-chain readiness;
- transmission or distribution interconnection;
- emergency planning, physical security, and cybersecurity;
- spent-fuel and radioactive-waste management.
A pending application is not an approved license, and an MOU does not grant regulatory approval.
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How this differs from other technology-company nuclear deals
The TerraPower-Sabey announcement concerns a potential deployment of an advanced reactor system that is not yet operating commercially. That makes it different from arrangements involving existing nuclear plants, plant restarts, or long-term purchases of electricity from reactors already in service.
Existing nuclear facilities generally have lower technology risk because they have already been built and licensed, although location, economics, transmission capacity, and remaining operating life still matter. Natural-gas generation can often be deployed more quickly but produces greenhouse-gas emissions and remains exposed to fuel prices and permitting constraints. Renewable generation paired with batteries can be modular and low-carbon during operation, but supplying a round-the-clock data-center load may require substantial overbuilding, transmission, and longer-duration storage.
Advanced nuclear offers the possibility of firm, lower-carbon power with storage-enabled flexibility. Its trade-offs include first-of-a-kind construction risk, lengthy licensing, fuel availability, large capital requirements, and uncertainty over final cost and schedule.
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The milestones that would turn this announcement into a real deployment would include:
- a named project site and identified data-center load;
- a final agreement or reactor order;
- disclosed ownership, financing, and power-supply arrangements;
- regulatory approvals and environmental permits;
- fuel and supply-chain commitments;
- construction progress; and
- a customer-facing power contract or evidence that the facility has begun receiving electricity.
Until those events occur, the partnership is best understood as a strategic development effort, not an operating nuclear-powered data-center project.
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For infrastructure and technology businesses, the MOU signals that data-center demand is influencing long-term nuclear planning. It may create opportunities for utilities, developers, engineering companies, fuel suppliers, and data-center operators.
It does not, by itself, establish TerraPower’s revenue, Sabey’s future power costs, or the commercial viability of Natrium. No public price, standard investment product, or consumer purchase opportunity was disclosed. Businesses evaluating the idea should focus on project-specific contracts, licensing status, fuel arrangements, financing, grid access, and delivery milestones rather than the headline alone.
For background, readers can consult TerraPower, Sabey Data Centers, and the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Nuclear Energy.
The bottom line
TerraPower and Sabey announced an MOU to explore Natrium-powered data-center projects in the Rocky Mountain region and Texas. The agreement is strategically important because it connects advanced nuclear development with AI-related electricity demand. But it is not a completed reactor sale, power-purchase agreement, or proof that a Sabey facility is already using nuclear power. The decisive evidence will be a final site, financing, licensing, construction, and an actual customer-facing power arrangement.
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