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Worker Foot Traffic Rises in Seattle After Amazon’s Return-to-Office Shift, but Wider Office Vacancies Spark Concern

Seattle downtown saw more weekday workers in 2025 after Amazon's five-day office policy, yet vacancy rose to 35.6% in Q4 2025. Here is what each figure measures and why they diverge.
From TheFinanceBase Team5 min to read
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Downtown Seattle saw more workers on its streets in 2025, the year Amazon’s corporate and technology staff moved from a three-day in-office requirement to five days. The Downtown Seattle Association (DSA) reported average daily worker foot traffic of nearly 145,000 for 2025, about 4% above 2024 and equal to 64% of the 2019 average. At the same time, Cushman & Wakefield reported downtown office vacancy of 35.6% in the fourth quarter of 2025, with negative net absorption for the full year. Both facts are true. They measure different things, and neither one proves that Amazon’s policy caused the other.

What the foot-traffic numbers measure

Several worker-traffic figures for Seattle circulate in 2025 coverage, and they are not interchangeable. The table below separates them by period, geography and publisher.

Figure Value Period Source and boundary
Daily worker visits 154,000 July 2025 (monthly rate) DSA; described as the highest monthly rate since the pandemic began and 7% above the prior summer
Average daily worker foot traffic Nearly 145,000 Calendar year 2025 (annual average) DSA annual summary; nearly 4% above 2024 and 64% of the 2019 average
Workers per weekday Nearly 94,000 February 2025 Cushman & Wakefield; described as the second-highest since March 2020. Uses its own market report and may use a different boundary than DSA
Worker traffic near Amazon’s campus Nearly 80% of February 2020 levels February 2025 relative to February 2020 Cushman & Wakefield; a sub-area, not a citywide total

The July figure and the annual figure are not in conflict. July is one of the strongest months of the year, so a monthly rate will sit above the annual average. If you quote one, name the period. A reader who sees “154,000” and “145,000” side by side should read the first as a summer peak and the second as a full-year average.

DSA’s dashboard documentation says its downtown foot-traffic data come from Placer.ai and are based on cell-phone location data. Each person is counted once per day, and international visitors are excluded. “Office worker presence” is estimated from visits by people present on weekdays between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. in downtown Seattle. These are modeled estimates. They do not count every employee who entered a particular office tower, and they cannot tell you whether a visitor was an employee of an Amazon office or a tenant of a different company.

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When Amazon’s policy changed

The timing matters, because two different Amazon policy changes are often described in the same article.

The 2023 hybrid policy

Amazon’s June 2023 report says the company put a hybrid policy into effect on May 1, 2023, requiring at least three office days per week. That was the policy in place during the earlier period of recovery in downtown foot traffic.

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The 2025 five-day schedule

GeekWire’s August 2025 reporting says Amazon moved from three office days to five at the start of 2025. The five-day requirement is the change most often linked to the 2025 rise in weekday visits. Do not date the five-day policy to 2023.

Why office vacancy is still high

Cushman & Wakefield’s quarterly reports show vacancy rising through 2025, not falling as foot traffic improved.

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Report Overall downtown vacancy Comparison Absorption and space detail
Q1 2025 33.0% Up from 28.7% a year earlier Negative net absorption of 644,000 square feet for the quarter
Q4 2025 35.6% Up from 32.3% at the end of 2024 Direct vacancy of 16.4 million square feet; sublease vacancy of 2.0 million square feet; negative net absorption of 2.3 million square feet for the year

Net absorption is the change in occupied space over a period. A negative figure means more space was given back to the market than was leased. Sublease vacancy is space a tenant has leased but is offering to others, and it is a separate pool from direct vacancy.

How rising worker presence and high vacancy can coexist

Foot traffic counts people on the street. Vacancy counts square feet that are empty or unoccupied in office buildings. The two can diverge for several reasons:

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  • Workers can return to buildings that are already partly occupied, so more people appear downtown without new leases being signed.
  • Vacant floor area can be concentrated in older or lower-demand buildings, while the buildings that attract workers are fuller.
  • Space given up by one tenant can remain on the market as direct or sublease inventory for many months after the tenant leaves.
  • Attendance rules set by one large employer change how many days a week its staff occupy a building, but they do not change how much space that employer leases.

These are plausible explanations of how the indicators can move apart. The reported data do not measure how much of the foot-traffic increase is due to each of them.

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Reconciling the two vacancy figures

Readers will see two different downtown vacancy rates. DSA’s 2025 annual summary cites CoStar and gives a figure of 25% for downtown office vacancy. Cushman & Wakefield’s Q4 2025 report gives 35.6% for its Downtown Seattle market. Those numbers should not be averaged or treated as one series corrected by the other. The two sources use different providers, and the publicly available material does not explain how their inventories or market boundaries differ. When you cite a vacancy rate, name the publisher, the date and the market definition together. A rate without those three details is not comparable with another rate.

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What the Amazon-linked figures can and cannot show

Amazon’s 2023 analysis is a company-produced study of two neighborhoods near its selected locations, using movement and anonymized transaction data. It describes what happened under the earlier three-day policy in those areas. It is not an independent test of the 2025 five-day change and does not isolate Amazon’s effect on the wider downtown economy.

Amazon’s accompanying 2023 article reports company-calculated increases of 82% in South Lake Union foot traffic and 56% in Denny Regrade. Those numbers belong to Amazon and to the period and baseline that article used. They are not citywide figures and should not be presented as a measure of downtown recovery.

What a reader can take from this

For anyone who owns, rents or invests in downtown Seattle property, or who relies on the city’s tax base, the most useful signals are the ones that track occupied space rather than people on the sidewalk. Watch the following together:

  • Overall vacancy and direct versus sublease vacancy from the same report.
  • Quarterly and annual net absorption, which shows whether tenants are taking more space than they release.
  • Foot-traffic measures with their period and method stated, so that a July peak is not compared with a full-year average.
  • Whether a vacancy series and a traffic series come from sources with stated boundaries you can match.

DSA’s chief executive, Jon Scholes, told GeekWire in August 2025: “While a number of metrics are moving in the right direction, downtown is still fragile, and we face challenges with high office and retail vacancy.” He said those conditions would weaken the city’s tax base if not addressed urgently. That is an advocacy organization’s assessment, and it is consistent with the vacancy data above.

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