The U.S. turned to Brazil and other countries in 2025 because bird flu disrupted domestic egg supply. The imports were a temporary supply measure, and most were intended for commercial breaking and pasteurization—not for sale as imported cartons in grocery stores. USDA’s figures show Brazil was a significant supplier in July 2025, but they do not establish Brazil’s current export eligibility or import volume in 2026.
Why the U.S. sought eggs from Brazil
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), commonly called bird flu, put pressure on U.S. egg supply. USDA described imports as one temporary way to add supply while the domestic industry responded to the outbreak. The policy response also included domestic biosecurity and producer support, rather than relying on imports alone.
In a 2025 notice, USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) reported that the U.S. had imported more than 26 million dozen shell eggs since January from Brazil, Honduras, Mexico, Turkey, and South Korea for breaking and pasteurization, plus 14 million egg products. USDA compared those imports with 109 billion eggs produced in the U.S. in 2024. USDA APHIS’s announcement characterized imports as one measure amid supply disruption; it does not mean foreign eggs replaced a large share of U.S. production.
How much came from Brazil
USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) reported that July 2025 imports totaled 20.2 million dozen-equivalent: 11.2 million dozen shell eggs and 9.0 million dozen-equivalent egg products. Brazil supplied 5.0 million dozen of the shell eggs that month, while Mexico supplied 2.8 million dozen. USDA ERS’s trade report says imported eggs were nearly exclusively for the U.S. broken-egg market.
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“Breaking” means processing shell eggs into liquid or other egg products, which can then be pasteurized. The July total combines shell eggs and egg products using a dozen-equivalent measure; it should not be read as a count of retail cartons. The month’s country figures are a dated snapshot, not a current supply ranking.
Where else the U.S. looked for supply
In March 2025, the Associated Press reported U.S. outreach to Austria, Norway, Spain, and Denmark. USDA said it had secured commitments from South Korea and Turkey, but did not specify the amount or product type in that announcement. Later, APHIS named Brazil, Honduras, Mexico, Turkey, and South Korea among shell-egg import origins. The sources describe different stages of sourcing—outreach, commitments, and imports—so the countries should not be treated as interchangeable or as suppliers of equal volume.
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The Associated Press’s March 2025 report covers the outreach and commitments; USDA’s subsequent import announcement provides the listed origins but not comparable country-by-country totals for the full period.
Could Brazilian eggs be sold in U.S. grocery stores?
Imports for commercial processing are different from table eggs imported for direct retail sale. USDA’s July 2025 report says imported eggs were nearly exclusively used in the broken-egg market, so the reported Brazilian shipments should not be described as mainly grocery-store cartons. The sources do not establish a blanket answer about whether Brazilian table eggs were available to shoppers.
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Eligibility and handling rules also matter. APHIS’s alert, effective May 15, 2025, imposed HPAI-related restrictions on Brazilian avian commodities. Under the alert’s stated conditions, fresh, unprocessed shell or table eggs and shell-free egg products arriving as cargo were prohibited unless sent directly from the port to an APHIS-approved breaking and pasteurization facility. The alert also noted that restrictions can vary by region and change with epidemiological information. It is a historical rule, not confirmation of Brazil’s status today. APHIS’s import alerts are the relevant source for the applicable alert and its terms.
What importers must check
Permission to import depends on the product, country or region, and applicable safety and documentation rules. USDA’s Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) advises importers to check country eligibility with APHIS and use the Veterinary Services Permitting Assistant as an initial step for documentation requirements. Its guidance also describes FDA Egg Rule obligations and possible Foreign Supplier Verification Program requirements. These requirements explain the compliance process; they do not prove that a particular shipment passed inspection.
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- Table eggs: AMS specifies a foreign inspection certificate, refrigeration at 45°F (7.2°C) or below during storage and transport, and English labeling that identifies the country of origin.
- Product and route: Confirm whether the shipment is shell egg or an egg product, and whether its intended use and route meet current APHIS conditions.
- Current eligibility: Check the country and, where relevant, region-specific status rather than relying on a past alert or an earlier shipment.
USDA AMS’s egg import guidance sets out these requirements and directs importers to the relevant agencies.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Imports were only one part of USDA’s response
USDA’s HPAI response also included voluntary biosecurity assessments, audits in affected and control areas, and cost sharing for identified high-risk fixes. APHIS describes producer indemnity, repopulation measures, vaccine and therapeutic research, and temporary imports subject to safety review as additional parts of its approach. USDA APHIS’s HPAI response page outlines those measures.
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What the figures do—and do not—say now
USDA ERS’s egg trade data use U.S. Census trade statistics, report volumes in dozen-equivalent measures, and provide partner-country detail. The data page was updated October 7, 2026, but the reviewed figures above are for 2025 and do not establish Brazil’s current 2026 import volume or export eligibility. A current country total should be taken from the newest monthly table, and present-day eligibility should be checked against APHIS’s current country and region information. The ERS trade-data page lists its updates and monthly tables.
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