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Temu was designated a very large online platform (VLOP) under the EU’s Digital Services Act (DSA) on 31 May 2024 because it reported more than 45 million average monthly users in the EU. That status requires additional safeguards, including assessing and mitigating systemic risks. On 28 May 2026, the European Commission fined Temu €200 million, concluding that its 2024 assessment of risks from illegal products fell short of the DSA. The fine concerns Temu’s risk-assessment duties; it does not mean every product sold on Temu is unsafe or illegal.
Why the EU classified Temu as a very large online platform
The DSA uses a size threshold: an online platform with more than 45 million monthly users in the EU can be designated a VLOP. Temu told the European Commission it had more than 45 million average monthly EU users, and the Commission formally designated it on 31 May 2024. The threshold is about the platform’s reach, not a finding that it has broken the law. Commission designation announcement; Commission explanation of VLOP rules.
The Commission’s designated-platform register, updated 31 August 2026, lists Temu’s provider as Whaleco Technology Limited and records 75 million average monthly users. That is the register’s dated figure; it is distinct from the more-than-45-million figure Temu reported for the 2024 designation. Commission register of designated platforms.
What VLOP status requires
Designated platforms have four months from notification to meet additional DSA obligations. The Commission said Temu’s deadline was the end of September 2024. Among the duties are identifying, analysing and assessing systemic risks connected with the service, then taking steps to mitigate them. The DSA also imposes transparency and user-facing requirements. Temu designation and compliance timeline; VLOP obligations.
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In designating Temu, the Commission pointed to risks involving counterfeit, unsafe or otherwise illegal goods, as well as items that infringe intellectual-property rights. The duty is to assess risks associated with the platform and respond appropriately; VLOP status itself is not a judgment that every listing is unlawful.
How the Temu DSA case developed
| Date | What happened |
|---|---|
| 31 May 2024 | The Commission designated Temu a VLOP after Temu reported more than 45 million average monthly EU users. Commission announcement. |
| 28 June and 11 October 2024 | The Commission requested information, including on illegal traders and products and Temu’s compliance measures. The Commission register records both dates. Enforcement register; 11 October information request. |
| 31 October 2024 | The Commission opened formal proceedings concerning potential DSA breaches involving illegal products, potentially addictive design, recommender systems and researcher access to data. Opening proceedings was not a final finding on those issues. Proceedings announcement. |
| 28 July 2025 | The Commission announced a preliminary finding that Temu had not properly assessed risks that illegal products could be disseminated through its marketplace. This was a preliminary stage, not the later fine decision. Preliminary findings announcement. |
| 28 May 2026 | The Commission fined Temu €200 million, concluding it had failed to diligently identify, analyse and assess systemic risks concerning illegal products and resulting consumer harm. Fine announcement. |
What the €200 million fine was about
The Commission’s decision concerned the adequacy of Temu’s risk assessment, not a blanket finding about all goods offered on the marketplace. According to the Commission, Temu’s 2024 assessment relied too heavily on generalized e-commerce risks rather than evidence specific to Temu, underestimated the likelihood that EU consumers would encounter illegal items, and did not adequately assess how recommendation systems and influencer-promotion programmes could amplify those risks. Commission decision announcement.
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As evidence in its investigation, the Commission described mystery-shopping tests of selected products. It said a very high percentage of selected chargers failed basic safety tests and a high percentage of tested baby toys presented medium- to high-severity risks, including chemicals above legal limits or suffocation hazards from detachable parts. The announcement does not provide exact percentages in the material described here, and the results should not be treated as a rate for all chargers, toys or Temu listings.
Does the decision mean Temu products are unsafe?
No. The fine establishes the Commission’s conclusion about Temu’s DSA risk-assessment obligation. The cited test findings concern selected chargers and baby toys; they do not establish that every product on Temu is unsafe or illegal. Consumers should assess individual products and sellers rather than infer a platform-wide product verdict from the enforcement decision.
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A separate EU consumer-law scrutiny
The DSA case is distinct from a consumer-protection track involving the Consumer Protection Cooperation (CPC) Network of national authorities. In a separate announcement, the Commission listed questions about whether shoppers are told clearly if sellers are traders, whether ranking, reviews or ratings could mislead, whether price reductions are calculated correctly, and whether environmental claims are substantiated. These issues are not the basis identified for the €200 million DSA fine. Commission CPC consumer-protection announcement, 8 November 2024.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What remains distinct from the fine decision
The Commission’s October 2024 proceedings covered several strands beyond illegal-product risk assessment, including potentially addictive design, recommender systems and researcher data access. The May 2026 fine announcement concerns the risk-assessment failure described above. The Commission register, updated 31 August 2026, records the fine as Temu’s latest listed enforcement action; that dated register should not be read as a statement about developments after its update.
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