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U.S. and South American Crop Production: Corn, Soybeans and Wheat Compared

USDA FAS estimates show the U.S. ahead in corn and Brazil ahead in soybeans for 2025/26. See how acreage, national estimates and forecasts differ.
From TheFinanceBase Team4 min to read
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The United States, Brazil and Argentina are major corn and soybean producers, but their relative scale changes by crop: USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) estimates for 2025/26 put the United States first in corn, while Brazil leads soybeans. U.S. acreage estimates and Brazil’s national crop survey add useful context, but acreage, production estimates and forecasts measure different things and should not be combined into a single ranking.

How corn and soybean production compares

USDA FAS’s 2025/26 marketing-year tables provide a common cross-country reference for the three largest producers covered here. The figures below are FAS estimates of total production in million metric tonnes; they are not acreage or yield figures.

Crop United States Brazil Argentina
Corn 432.34 million tonnes 141 million tonnes 63 million tonnes
Soybeans 115.99 million tonnes 180.5 million tonnes 49.5 million tonnes

In this FAS comparison, U.S. corn output is substantially larger than Brazil’s or Argentina’s. Soybeans show the reverse pattern at the top: Brazil’s estimated output exceeds the U.S. figure, with Argentina also a significant producer. These are crop-specific comparisons, not a general measure of which country has the most productive agriculture.

What Brazil’s national survey adds

Brazil’s National Supply Company, CONAB, estimated 2025/26 total grain production at 361.7 million tonnes in its 12th survey. Within that total, CONAB put soybeans at 180.4 million tonnes and the country’s three corn crops combined at 144 million tonnes. CONAB described the soybean result as a record, attributing it to higher planted area and average yield; its corn figure covers multiple crop seasons.

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CONAB’s Brazilian estimates are close to, but not identical with, the USDA FAS figures in the comparison table. For soybeans, the estimates are 180.4 million tonnes from CONAB and 180.5 million from FAS; for corn, they are 144 million and 141 million, respectively. These are separate agencies’ estimates, not values to average together. Brazil’s multiple corn harvests and differences in source scope or estimation can matter when comparing figures. Keep each number attached to its agency and do not treat a difference as proof of a final harvest outcome.

What the latest U.S. acreage says—and does not say

USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) estimated 2026 U.S. planted area at 95.3 million acres for corn, down 3% from 2025, and 85.4 million acres for soybeans, up 5%. These June 30, 2026 acreage estimates describe land planted, not harvested output, yield, or stocks. A change in acres alone cannot establish whether production will rise or fall.

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NASS also estimated all-wheat planted area at 42.7 million acres in 2026. That is a U.S. area statistic, not a wheat-production total, and it cannot be compared directly with the corn and soybean production figures above.

Wheat and the limits of a three-country comparison

The figures cited here do not establish a comparable 2025/26 wheat-production ranking for the United States, Brazil and Argentina. The available U.S. wheat figure is planted area, while USDA FAS’s July 2026 Argentina update says higher wheat output is expected with a larger planted area but does not give a wheat production total in the figures presented here. Area, a directional outlook and total harvested production are different measures; they should not be used to infer a ranking.

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This comparison focuses on the United States, Brazil and Argentina, where the cited sources provide useful current figures. It is not an exhaustive account of every South American country or crop, and it does not support a region-wide ranking.

Separate estimates from forecasts and projections

USDA FAS’s July 2026 Argentina update forecasts 60.5 million tonnes of corn for marketing year 2026/27. That is a forecast for a future marketing year, not a completed-harvest result and not the same figure as FAS’s 63 million-tonne 2025/26 Argentina estimate. The two figures describe different marketing years and statuses, so they should not be read as a confirmed year-over-year change.

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USDA’s May 12, 2026 World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE-671) cautioned: “Due to spring planting still underway in the Northern Hemisphere, and several months away in the Southern Hemisphere, the forecasts are highly tentative.” This matters because the U.S. and South American crop calendars do not line up, and early forecasts can change as planting and growing seasons progress.

A different kind of forward-looking number comes from USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS). Its 2026 long-term baseline projects planted area across eight major U.S. field crops to decline from 247.6 million acres in 2026/27 to 241.6 million acres in 2035/36, a 2.4% decrease. Within that baseline, ERS projects 2026/27 planted area of 95.0 million acres for corn, 85.0 million for soybeans and 44.0 million for wheat. These are projections, not NASS survey results or production forecasts. They also use a different year and purpose from the NASS 2026 acreage estimates.

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How to read crop-production comparisons

  • Check the measure. Planted area is land seeded; harvested area is land harvested; yield is output per unit of land; production is total output; stocks are inventories. One cannot stand in for another.
  • Check the crop year or marketing year. A 2025/26 estimate, a 2026/27 forecast and a 2035/36 projection are not observations from the same period.
  • Keep the source attached. USDA FAS supports a common cross-country frame, while NASS and CONAB provide national survey context. If agencies differ, report their figures separately rather than silently averaging.
  • Use the comparison that answers the question. Production compares total scale; yield compares output per area; planted area compares land use; forecasts and projections describe expected or modeled futures.

For current output scale, the FAS 2025/26 figures show U.S. leadership in corn and Brazilian leadership in soybeans among these three countries. For U.S. planting decisions, NASS acreage is the relevant measure, while CONAB’s survey gives a Brazil-specific estimate that includes the country’s multiple corn crops. Those are complementary views, not interchangeable statistics.

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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