The Senate voted 52–48 on October 28, 2025, to pass a resolution seeking to terminate the national emergency used to impose duties on Brazilian imports. The vote did not, by itself, repeal the tariffs. And a separate 2026 tariff action later changed the policy picture: it imposed a 25% tariff on Brazilian goods while exempting certain products, including unflavored instant coffee.
What did the Senate vote do?
The Senate passed S.J. Res. 81, a joint resolution “terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Brazil.” The national emergency was declared on July 30, 2025, according to the resolution text recorded in the Congressional Record. The October 28 vote was 52–48.
That was a Senate vote on a resolution, not a completed repeal. Passage in one chamber did not itself make the resolution law or end the tariff policy. The result therefore should not be read as proof that all duties on Brazilian goods disappeared.
How did the later tariff action change the picture?
In July 2026, the administration directed and the U.S. Trade Representative implemented a distinct action under Section 301: a 25% tariff on Brazilian goods, subject to listed product exemptions. A Federal Register notice added unflavored instant coffee to the exemption list. This later action is separate from the 2025 national-emergency measure challenged by S.J. Res. 81.
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| Policy action | Authority and timing | What happened | Coffee treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 Brazil duties and S.J. Res. 81 | National emergency declared July 30, 2025; Senate vote October 28, 2025 | The Senate passed a resolution seeking to terminate the emergency, 52–48. The Senate vote alone did not enact a repeal. | The resolution concerned duties on Brazilian imports generally; the cited record does not establish a lasting coffee exemption. |
| 2026 Brazil tariff action | Separate Section 301 action directed and implemented in July 2026 | A 25% tariff on Brazilian goods, with listed exemptions. | Unflavored instant coffee was added to the exemption list; the notice does not establish an exemption for all coffee products. |
Because the two actions rest on different authorities and occurred at different times, the Senate vote cannot be used to determine the status of every Brazilian product under the later Section 301 measure. Product-level tariff treatment depends on the applicable action and its exemption list.
Why was coffee part of the debate?
Coffee became a prominent example because the resolution’s lead sponsor, Senator Tim Kaine, argued that tariffs could raise costs for everyday goods. In a statement after the vote, he said the Senate was sending a message against “unnecessary trade wars” that could “raise the cost of everyday goods like coffee.” That is Kaine’s argument, not a finding that the vote or tariffs caused a particular retail price change.
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Kaine’s office said the United States imported more than $40 billion in goods from Brazil annually, including nearly $2 billion worth of coffee. Those figures are from the sponsor’s 2025 press release and are not independently validated here. The office also explained coffee’s relevance by saying it “cannot be grown in most of the United States.”
Did tariffs cause coffee prices to spike?
A March 11, 2026 letter from the Senate Banking Committee reported, citing Bureau of Labor Statistics data, that coffee prices rose 18.4% from February 2025 to February 2026. The committee letter is the source for that figure; the underlying BLS series was not independently reviewed here.
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- Don Pablo Brazil Cerrado is a unique coffee that is processed using a semi-washed technique where the fruit of the coffee cherry is left on the bean during the drying process; This technique adds an intense sweetness, heightened mouthfeel with a well-rounded acidity; This coffee has a medium body, low acidity and is very rich and robust
The percentage describes a price change over that period. By itself, it does not show how much of the increase, if any, was caused by tariffs. The Senate vote, the subsequent tariff actions, and the reported price movement are related context, but the cited price figure does not provide a causal breakdown.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What does the instant-coffee exemption cover?
The 2026 Federal Register notice added unflavored instant coffee to the exemption list. It records commenters’ arguments that the product was not available from domestic sources and that substitute supplies could not reliably meet U.S. manufacturers’ specifications. The exemption should not be generalized to roasted beans, ground coffee, flavored instant coffee, or every other coffee product; the cited notice establishes only the listed product’s treatment.
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For a specific shipment or purchase, the relevant question is the exact product classification and the tariff action currently in force, not simply whether the item is coffee from Brazil. The available sources establish the named exemption but do not resolve the treatment of every coffee form or classification.
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