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How Trump’s Presidency Is Changing Student Loans and Debt Forgiveness

Federal repayment choices changed in 2026, but deadlines and options depend on your loan history. Here is what borrowers need to know about RAP, SAVE, PSLF and default support.
From TheFinanceBase Team5 min to read
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Federal student-loan repayment options changed on July 1, 2026, when the new Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP) and Tiered Standard plan became available. The Department of Education (ED) also says a March 2026 court order ended SAVE, and certain borrowers in phased-out plans have until July 1, 2028, to choose a replacement. Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) remains available to eligible borrowers under ED’s current description; these changes do not mean that every forgiveness program has ended.

What changed for federal student-loan borrowers?

The most immediate change is a reshaping of repayment choices. Since July 1, 2026, borrowers can enroll in RAP or Tiered Standard. At the same time, ED has told SAVE enrollees to leave that plan, some borrowers in phased-out plans face a transition deadline, and new rules affect certain loan limits and default rehabilitation.

These developments concern federal student loans. They do not establish changes to private student loans, and the available policy announcements do not determine which plan is best for an individual. Payment amounts, eligibility, and the effect on total repayment depend on a borrower’s loans and circumstances.

How do RAP and Tiered Standard differ?

ED describes RAP as income-driven: the monthly payment depends on income and the number of dependents. Tiered Standard instead uses a fixed repayment term based on the amount borrowed. ED says borrowers can enroll in either plan starting July 1, 2026.

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Plan feature Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP) Tiered Standard
How the monthly payment is calculated Depends on income and number of dependents, according to ED. Fixed-term repayment; the available announcement does not state a payment formula.
Repayment term Not stated in the cited ED announcement. 10, 15, 20, or 25 years, with the term based on the amount borrowed, according to ED.
Interest and principal ED says full, on-time monthly payments protect borrowers from runaway interest and make regular progress toward reducing principal. This is the Department’s description, not an individual payment projection. Not stated in the cited ED announcement.
Availability Enrollment began July 1, 2026, according to ED. Enrollment began July 1, 2026, according to ED.
Likely total paid for a particular borrower Cannot be determined from the plan description alone; it depends on borrower-specific circumstances and repayment history. Cannot be determined from the plan description alone; it depends on borrower-specific circumstances and repayment history.

Neither plan can be ranked as cheaper for every borrower from these descriptions. Before choosing, compare the payment estimate, repayment period, and projected total cost using current official tools and your own loan and income information. ED’s June 2026 fact sheet described the prior system as having more than 40 repayment and discharge options; that is the Department’s characterization of the earlier system, not a count of choices available to every borrower.

Does every borrower have to switch plans by July 2028?

No. The July 1, 2028, transition deadline applies to certain borrowers who have loans made before July 1, 2026, and are enrolled in phased-out plans. Those borrowers may choose RAP, Tiered Standard, or Income-Based Repayment (IBR), according to ED. It is not a universal deadline for all federal loan borrowers.

Whether the deadline applies depends on your current plan and loan history. Check your account and current official guidance rather than assuming that you must switch—or that you can remain in your plan indefinitely.

What happened to SAVE?

ED reported that a court order on March 10, 2026, ended SAVE and said it began sending affected borrowers instructions to exit the plan and enter another legal federal repayment plan. That is the Department’s account of the court-related change and its status as reported at that time. A borrower’s next step should be based on the latest official notice and account-specific instructions, since legal developments and implementation can change.

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If you were enrolled in SAVE, review messages in your federal student-aid account and follow the current instructions for choosing another plan. Do not assume that an old payment estimate or prior plan status still applies.

Is Public Service Loan Forgiveness still available?

Yes. In a June 18, 2026, announcement, ED said eligible borrowers making on-time monthly payments can qualify for PSLF, which discharges certain loans after 120 payments. That statement does not mean that all public-service workers qualify or that every payment counts. Eligibility depends on the applicable program requirements and a borrower’s circumstances.

The changes described here do not establish that all federal loan forgiveness has been repealed. They also do not establish that a particular borrower qualifies for PSLF or another discharge pathway. Verify your loan type, employment, and qualifying-payment record through current official guidance before relying on forgiveness in a repayment decision.

What changed for graduate loans, parents, and borrowers in default?

Loan limits and Grad PLUS

A 2026 final rule implementing Public Law 119-21 includes new loan limits for graduate students, professional students, and parents, and phases out Grad PLUS. The available summary does not give the applicable limit amounts or all cohort and timing rules, so borrowers should consult the current rule and official loan information for details relevant to their program and borrowing dates.

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Rehabilitation for eligible borrowers in default

The final rule also allows eligible borrowers in default a second opportunity to rehabilitate their loans. Separately, ED and the Treasury Department launched the Defaulted Loans Support Center on September 30, 2026, an online portal intended to help people with defaulted federal loans understand and address their options.

In its September 30 release, the agencies reported a 69% increase in approved rehabilitation applications since their partnership launched. That is the agencies’ reported comparison, not an independent evaluation of the portal or a guarantee that a borrower’s application will be approved.

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What do the borrower statistics show—and what do they not show?

ED’s FY2027 budget proposal reported that about 12.7 million Direct Loan borrowers were in repayment status in FY2025 Q4. ED said this represented about 39% of all Direct Loan borrowers and more than 57% of outstanding Direct Loan dollars. These are FY2025 figures cited in a budget proposal, not a count of borrowers or balances in October 2026.

ED also said in a June 9, 2026, fact sheet that 70% of borrowers report feeling overwhelmed managing loans. The retrieved fact sheet text does not identify the underlying survey, so this should be understood as a figure attributed to ED, not as independently verified survey research.

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What should borrowers do now?

  • Check your loan and plan records. Confirm your federal loan types, current repayment plan, and payment history in your official account.
  • Follow current notices if you were in SAVE. ED reported that affected borrowers were being instructed to exit SAVE and enter another legal plan.
  • Check whether the 2028 deadline applies to you. It is limited to certain borrowers with pre-July 1, 2026, loans in phased-out plans.
  • Compare actual plan estimates. RAP depends on income and dependents; Tiered Standard uses a fixed term linked to the amount borrowed. Your payment and total cost cannot be inferred from plan names alone.
  • Verify forgiveness eligibility before making plans around it. PSLF remains described by ED as available after 120 qualifying payments for eligible borrowers, but individual qualifications and payment counts must be checked.
  • If you are in default, use official support channels. Review the Defaulted Loans Support Center and current rehabilitation guidance to determine which options apply.

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