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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesYou generally should not have to pay a merchant’s UPI MDR as a separate customer surcharge. In a September 15, 2026 statement, India’s Ministry of Finance said banks had been advised to ensure merchants do not pass MDR charges to customers. Before paying, check the amount on the UPI app screen, ask what any extra charge is for, and keep the bill and transaction confirmation if the charge appears to be a UPI surcharge.
The key is to distinguish a merchant’s payment-processing cost from a separately priced product or service. The Ministry’s statement is the latest policy reference located for this article, but payment rules can change. Check for later government or NPCI notices before relying on the rates or thresholds below.
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Can a shop charge you extra for paying by UPI?
Under the Ministry of Finance’s September 15, 2026 statement, a merchant-side Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) is not automatically a fee that the customer owes. The Ministry said: “Banks have been advised to ensure that merchants do not pass MDR charges on to customers.” This is the current located policy reference; check for later government or NPCI notices because the framework may change.
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The practical answer is: do not assume that an amount described as a “UPI charge” is a mandatory customer fee. Ask the merchant to identify the charge, compare it with the bill, and check the final amount shown in your UPI app before you authorize payment. If the merchant says the extra amount is MDR or a fee for choosing UPI, preserve the description and payment records and raise the issue through your participating UPI app if needed.
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The Ministry said person-to-person (P2P) UPI remains free, merchant payments up to ₹2,000 remain free, and transactions covered by the zero-MDR framework for small merchants remain free. It also described MDR rates for certain merchant transactions above ₹2,000. These are merchant-side charges, not a consumer fee schedule. In other words, the existence of an MDR rate for a merchant does not mean a customer should add that rate to the purchase price.
A separately described service, delivery, booking, convenience or platform fee is a different question from an MDR surcharge. The official sources cited here do not establish that every such fee is prohibited in every checkout context. Ask for an itemized bill and the reason for the amount rather than assuming that a different label makes a UPI surcharge valid—or that every separate fee is unlawful. The sources do not settle every possible checkout arrangement, so focus on what the fee is said to cover and whether it was clearly identified as a separate charge.
What the 2026 MDR figures mean—and what they do not
The Ministry of Finance’s September 15, 2026 release described the following merchant-side rates. They explain the policy framework; they do not tell customers to add these amounts to a bill.
| Transaction described by the Ministry | MDR described | Who the rate concerns |
|---|---|---|
| Specified merchant transactions above ₹2,000 | 0.4% | Merchant-side MDR, not a customer fee |
| Transactions of ₹75,000 and above under the described framework | Capped at ₹300 | Merchant-side cap |
| Qualifying transactions above ₹2,000 in certain essential sectors | Flat ₹5 | Merchant-side MDR |
| Specified capital-market transactions | 0.02%, capped at ₹300 | Merchant-side MDR |
| Small merchants covered by the P2PM zero-MDR framework | Zero MDR described for merchants with receipts up to ₹1 lakh per month | Merchant-side framework; eligibility depends on the stated category |
Read the table as a description of costs that may apply within specified merchant categories—not as a list of customer surcharges. The categories matter: the release refers to specified transactions, certain essential sectors, and eligible small merchants. It does not say that every merchant transaction above ₹2,000 has the same rate, nor that a customer should calculate and pay MDR on top of a bill.
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The ₹2,000 line is useful at checkout because the Ministry says merchant payments at or below that amount remain free of MDR under the stated policy. The small-merchant provision is also category-specific: the release describes a P2PM zero-MDR framework for merchants whose receipts are up to ₹1 lakh per month. A customer may not be able to verify a merchant’s monthly receipts or eligibility at the counter. That uncertainty does not turn the merchant-side MDR into a customer fee; ask for an itemized explanation instead of trying to determine the merchant’s settlement category yourself.
The described 0.4% rate, ₹300 cap, ₹5 flat MDR and 0.02% capital-market rate are likewise not a reason to do mental arithmetic and add an amount to your payment. The Ministry described these as merchant-side MDR. The exact rate depends on the transaction category and the framework described in the release. If a merchant quotes one of these numbers as an amount you personally owe, ask them to show how it appears on the itemized bill and whether the amount is an MDR surcharge or a separately priced charge.
The Ministry estimated that about 96% of merchant transactions would remain unaffected by the stated MDR framework. Treat 96% as the Ministry’s estimate, not as an independently validated measurement or a guarantee about a particular shop’s transaction. Rates, thresholds and eligibility should be checked against any later implementation notice before relying on them. The September 15, 2026 statement is the current located reference for this article, rather than a promise that the rules will remain unchanged.
What to do when a merchant asks for a UPI fee
- Ask what the extra amount covers. Request an itemized bill and ask whether the charge is being added because you chose UPI. Distinguish a claimed MDR surcharge from a separately priced product or service. If the response is simply “UPI fee,” ask the merchant to identify the line item and explain whether it is payment MDR, delivery, booking, convenience, or another service charge. The label alone does not resolve whether a fee is covered by the MDR policy.
- Compare the bill with the UPI payment screen. Review the recipient and total before entering your UPI PIN. If the amount differs from the bill or includes an unexplained addition, pause and ask the merchant to clarify it. Check that the recipient is the intended merchant and that the payment screen shows the amount you expect. Do not proceed just because a QR code was presented or because the merchant is waiting; you can first ask for a corrected bill or a clear explanation.
- Do not disclose your UPI PIN. Enter it only in your UPI app when you intend to authorize the payment. NPCI says the customer enters the PIN in the app to complete a payment and warns that bank support will not ask for the UPI PIN. See NPCI’s UPI Frequently Asked Questions. A merchant or someone claiming to be support does not need you to tell them the PIN to explain a fee or raise a grievance.
- Keep evidence if you proceed or have already paid. Save the itemized bill, payment confirmation and any screen or message describing the extra amount. These details help explain whether the dispute concerns the bill, the merchant’s description or the payment transaction. If the fee was displayed before payment, keep that description too. Note the transaction date, amount and recipient information shown in the app; these details can help you locate the payment in transaction history and describe the issue accurately.
- Raise a grievance through the participating UPI app. NPCI says, “You can also raise your grievance or check status of UPI transaction through the UPI App of the participating banks.” Use the app’s transaction history or help section for the relevant payment. Choose the transaction in question, describe the disputed amount and attach or retain the bill and confirmation if the app allows it. The issue may be about a merchant’s extra line item rather than a failed transfer, so state that distinction clearly.
- Escalate through the app or bank’s current route if it remains unresolved. Follow the published escalation instructions for your provider. Do not assume a card-dispute deadline applies to UPI: the RBI database entry that describes escalation to the Integrated Ombudsman after a bank complaint remains unresolved or unanswered for a month concerns card charges, not a UPI-specific deadline. Check your UPI app or bank’s current guidance for the right next step rather than relying on a timeline for a different payment type.
If you have not paid yet, the simplest response to an unexplained extra amount is to stop before entering your PIN and ask for clarification. If the merchant corrects the bill or explains a distinct service charge, compare the revised amount with the payment screen. If the merchant insists that the amount is UPI MDR, keep the description and decide whether to proceed; you can still document and report the issue afterward. This is a practical checkout process, not a guarantee about how an individual grievance will be resolved.
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If you have already completed the payment, do not make a second payment merely to “reverse” the first one unless the merchant and your app provide a clear, verifiable process. Use the original transaction in your app’s grievance channel, and keep the original confirmation. The cited sources support using the participating UPI app to raise a grievance or check transaction status; they do not promise a particular remedy, refund outcome, or resolution time for every merchant-fee complaint.
How the customer-side rules fit together
The policy distinction is between the merchant’s payment cost and the customer’s payment obligation. The Ministry’s 2026 statement describes MDR as a merchant-side charge and says banks should ensure merchants do not pass it on. That is why an amount labelled “UPI charge” should be questioned rather than treated as a mandatory fee simply because it appears at checkout.
There are two useful transaction distinctions. A P2P transfer is a payment between individuals, and the Ministry said it remains free. A P2M transaction is a payment to a merchant, and the Ministry’s statement describes free MDR for merchant payments up to ₹2,000 and for eligible small-merchant transactions, alongside merchant-side MDR for specified categories above that threshold. A customer paying a merchant should not mistake the merchant’s MDR category for a customer fee schedule.
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Outbyte Driver Updater FREEScan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Outbyte PC Repair FREERepair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →There is also a statutory background. In an August 18, 2025 parliamentary answer, the Ministry of Finance described section 10A of the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 as barring a bank or system provider from imposing a charge on a payer or beneficiary through electronic modes prescribed under section 269SU; the answer said UPI and RuPay debit card were notified modes. That answer predates the September 2026 policy statement, so its older statement that there was no proposal should not be used to describe the current MDR framework. The 2025 answer is useful background, but the later policy statement is the current located reference for the specific MDR description in this article.
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It is also important not to overread the law or the policy. The sources do not resolve every fee that might appear in a transaction involving a platform, delivery, booking or other service. A fee described separately is not automatically proven lawful merely by its label, and the available sources do not establish that every separately priced service fee is prohibited. Ask for the breakdown and preserve it if the fee seems to have been added because you chose UPI.
The RBI has discussed other fees in a payment-aggregator context, including debit-card MDR and the display of other fees before payment. That is a card-related contrast, not a rule establishing what every UPI-related platform or service fee may be. Likewise, the RBI database entry on an Integrated Ombudsman route after a month relates to card-charge grievances; it should not be presented as a UPI-specific complaint deadline. For a UPI issue, use the participating app or bank’s current published grievance and escalation channels.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Sources and scope
This article uses India-specific sources. The main current policy reference located for the rates and thresholds is the Ministry of Finance / Press Information Bureau statement dated September 15, 2026. Because it describes a framework that may have later implementation or amendments, check for later government or NPCI notices before publication or when making a decision based on a particular rate.
- Ministry of Finance / Press Information Bureau, September 15, 2026: UPI Continues to Remain Free for Peer to Peer Transactions and 96% of Merchant Transactions.
- NPCI, UPI Frequently Asked Questions.
- Ministry of Finance, Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 4111: Transaction Charges on UPI Transactions, August 18, 2025.
- RBI, Report on Regulation of Payment Aggregators and Payment Gateways.
- RBI database entry on card-charge grievances and Ombudsman escalation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is UPI free for customers in India?
The Ministry of Finance said on September 15, 2026 that person-to-person UPI remains free and that merchant payments up to ₹2,000, along with transactions covered by the small-merchant zero-MDR framework, remain free of MDR. Its described MDR rates concern specified merchant transactions, not a customer fee schedule. Check for later notices because the framework can change.
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Can a shop add MDR to my UPI bill?
The Ministry’s September 15, 2026 statement says banks should ensure merchants do not pass MDR charges to customers. If a shop says an extra line is UPI MDR, ask for an itemized bill, check the final amount in your app before entering your PIN, and keep the bill and payment confirmation if you proceed.
Does the ₹2,000 threshold mean every payment above ₹2,000 has a UPI fee?
No. The Ministry describes merchant payments at or below ₹2,000 as remaining free of MDR and describes rates for specified merchant transactions above ₹2,000. The described rates depend on categories and are merchant-side charges; they do not mean every customer payment above ₹2,000 carries a surcharge.
What if a merchant calls it a convenience, delivery or platform fee instead?
Ask what the line item covers and request an itemized bill. The reviewed sources do not establish that every separately described service, delivery, booking, convenience or platform fee is prohibited in every checkout context. A different label alone does not determine whether it is a distinct service charge or an MDR surcharge.
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Keep the itemized bill, the fee description if shown, and the UPI transaction confirmation. Note the date, amount and recipient details shown in the app. These records help you explain whether the complaint concerns a merchant’s added bill amount or the payment transaction itself.
Where do I complain about a UPI transaction or extra charge?
NPCI says users can raise a grievance or check transaction status through the UPI app of a participating bank. Start with the transaction’s help or grievance option, then follow that app or bank’s current escalation instructions if needed. Do not assume the RBI’s card-charge Ombudsman timeline is a UPI-specific deadline.
Should I share my UPI PIN with the merchant to fix the charge?
No. NPCI says you enter the PIN in your UPI app to complete a payment and warns that bank support will not ask for it. Do not disclose it to a merchant or anyone claiming to provide support.
The Bottom Line
At checkout, ask what an extra amount covers, compare the bill with the final UPI app screen, and do not treat merchant-side MDR as a fee you automatically owe. The Ministry of Finance’s September 15, 2026 statement says banks should ensure merchants do not pass MDR charges to customers. If you have paid and believe an MDR surcharge was added, keep the bill and confirmation and raise a grievance through your participating UPI app. Check for later official notices, and do not assume every separately described service fee is covered by the MDR policy.
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