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What the latest filings say about customer concentration
NVIDIA’s fiscal 2027 Q2 Form 10-Q, filed August 27, 2026, covers the quarter ended July 26, 2026. It reports that one direct customer represented 16% of total revenue in that quarter. For the first half of fiscal 2027, three direct customers represented 16%, 15%, and 13% of total revenue. NVIDIA says these amounts were primarily attributable to its Compute & Networking segment. The identities of these customers are not disclosed.
Those quarterly and half-year figures describe different measurement periods. Do not add them together or assume that the customer with a particular share in one period had the same share in another. As a separate annual comparison, NVIDIA’s fiscal 2026 Form 10-K, for the year ended January 25, 2026, reported two direct customers at 22% and 14% of full-year revenue, primarily in Compute & Networking. The filings do not establish that the customers in the annual disclosure are the same customers identified by share, but not by name, in the later filing.
| Measurement period | Direct-customer concentration disclosed | How to read it |
|---|---|---|
| Fiscal 2027 Q2: quarter ended July 26, 2026 | One customer: 16% of total revenue | Quarterly share; customer unnamed. Primarily attributable to Compute & Networking. |
| First half of fiscal 2027 | Three customers: 16%, 15%, and 13% of total revenue | Half-year shares; customers unnamed. Primarily attributable to Compute & Networking. |
| Fiscal 2026: year ended January 25, 2026 | Two customers: 22% and 14% of total revenue | Full-year shares in the annual filing; do not assume these are the same customers as in the later disclosures. |
These are disclosed shares of revenue, not forecasts or evidence that any customer will maintain the same purchasing level. NVIDIA states in its August 27, 2026 Form 10-Q, “Our revenue is concentrated among a limited number of direct and indirect customers and this trend may continue.”
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Why direct-customer shares do not show the whole demand picture
NVIDIA’s direct customers include add-in-board providers, distributors, original design manufacturers (ODMs), original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), cloud service providers, AI model makers, and system integrators. An end user may therefore buy or access NVIDIA products through an intermediary rather than appear as the direct billing customer.
NVIDIA also says a significant amount of revenue comes from a limited number of indirect customers, some of which individually represent 10% or more of revenue. The company estimates indirect-customer revenue using information including purchase orders, product specifications, and internal sales data. It separately describes meaningful revenue from an unnamed AI research and deployment company through cloud services purchased from NVIDIA’s customers. The filing does not identify that company or provide a percentage for it.
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- Direct concentration is based on customers NVIDIA identifies as direct purchasers in its disclosure.
- Indirect exposure is an estimate of revenue associated with customers further along the sales channel; it may overlap with direct-customer revenue.
- Do not add the two measures mechanically. They describe different positions in a sales channel, and the indirect estimate is not a separate, additive revenue pool.
Keep customer geography separate from supplier geography
NVIDIA’s regional revenue disclosure is based on the headquarters location of its direct customers. That may differ from where products are shipped or where the ultimate user operates. In fiscal 2027 Q2, 38% of revenue came from customers headquartered outside the United States; for the first half of fiscal 2027, the figure was 30%, according to the August 27, 2026 Form 10-Q. These are customer-headquarters measures, not a map of end users or manufacturing locations.
Supplier geography is a different exposure. NVIDIA’s fiscal 2026 Form 10-K describes its supply chain as mainly concentrated in Asia and says the company relies on overseas partners, especially in Taiwan and South Korea. A customer headquartered outside the United States and a manufacturing partner located in Asia represent distinct risks and should not be combined into one geographic concentration measure.
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Map supplier exposure by production stage
NVIDIA’s fiscal 2026 Form 10-K identifies suppliers and contractors across several parts of production. The list helps show where dependencies may sit, but it does not disclose what share of NVIDIA’s spending, output, or capacity belongs to each named company.
| Production stage | Companies named in NVIDIA’s fiscal 2026 Form 10-K | What the disclosure does and does not establish |
|---|---|---|
| Wafer fabrication | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) and Samsung Electronics | These are named wafer foundries. The filing does not state their respective shares of NVIDIA’s wafer production or spending. |
| Memory | SK hynix, Micron Technology, and Samsung Electronics | These are named memory providers. No supplier-level allocation or share is stated. |
| Assembly, testing, and packaging | Hon Hai Precision Industry (Foxconn), Wistron, and Fabrinet | These are among the independent subcontractors and contract manufacturers named. Their relative contribution is not quantified. |
| Advanced packaging | NVIDIA says it uses CoWoS technology for semiconductor packaging. | The reviewed filing passage does not assign a supplier share to this technology or establish a supplier-specific percentage. |
Supplier names are not proof that providers can immediately replace one another. Wafer fabrication, memory, packaging, and system assembly are separate stages with different requirements. A disruption at a critical stage could constrain production even if NVIDIA has multiple suppliers elsewhere in the chain; that is an analytical implication of the disclosed production structure, not a reported production disruption.
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NVIDIA says it has expanded supplier relationships to build redundancy and resilience and is expanding in the United States and Latin America. In its fiscal 2026 Form 10-K, the company said: “We have expanded our supplier relationships to build redundancy and resilience in our operations to provide long-term manufacturing capacity aligned with growing customer demand.” This describes diversification efforts, not proof of available replacement capacity or reduced dependence at every production stage.
Interpret NVIDIA’s supply and capacity commitments carefully
As of July 26, 2026, NVIDIA reported $279 billion in supply and capacity commitments in its fiscal 2027 Q2 Form 10-Q, compared with $119 billion in the previous quarter as referenced in that filing. The commitments primarily relate to memory and manufacturing facilities for data-center infrastructure systems and are intended to support long-term demand across current and future architectures.
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The $279 billion is a forward commitment figure, not money already spent and not an amount assigned to a single supplier. NVIDIA says some arrangements may permit inventory procurement against company-defined criteria and may be canceled, rescheduled, or adjusted before firm orders; making changes can add costs. The total therefore signals the scale of forward supply planning, while leaving supplier-level allocation and the eventual amount purchased unknown.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Use a consistent framework when assessing concentration
For an investor or anyone assessing NVIDIA’s business resilience, compare the same type of measure across periods and separate what is reported from what is estimated.
| Question | What to examine | Interpretation limit |
|---|---|---|
| Who buys directly? | Revenue shares and the number of direct customers above material thresholds. | Customer identities may be undisclosed, and direct buyers may be intermediaries. |
| Who ultimately drives demand? | Indirect-customer estimates and customer-linked announcements. | Indirect revenue is estimated and may overlap with direct sales; it is not automatically additive. |
| Are periods comparable? | Quarterly, year-to-date, or full fiscal-year shares. | Different periods have different denominators and may reflect different customer mixes. |
| Where is revenue concentrated? | Segment attribution and direct-customer headquarters geography. | Neither measure necessarily identifies the end user’s location or all demand drivers. |
| Where could supply be constrained? | Supplier roles at wafer, memory, packaging, assembly, and testing stages, plus geographic exposure. | A supplier list does not reveal supplier shares or prove interchangeability. |
| How much capacity is committed ahead? | Supply and capacity commitments, their flexibility, and possible change costs. | Commitments are not actual purchases and the aggregate does not show supplier-level allocation. |
| What supports resilience? | Alternative providers, capacity expansion, inventory options, and transition flexibility. | Announced diversification does not establish immediate substitute capacity or eliminate transition risk. |
Consider customer-linked infrastructure without overreading it
On August 17, 2026, NVIDIA announced that OpenAI would be the customer for the PORTS-Pike AI compute campus in Ohio. SB Energy would build, own, and operate the data center under a 20-year lease. NVIDIA said it would secure land, power, and shell capacity and invest $1.5 billion in SB Energy. This project illustrates how customer demand can involve infrastructure and partner arrangements, but it does not establish that OpenAI is one of the unnamed customers in NVIDIA’s concentration disclosures.
What the disclosures support—and what they do not
The filings support calling NVIDIA’s disclosed direct-customer concentration high: one customer accounted for 16% of total revenue in fiscal 2027 Q2, and three accounted for 16%, 15%, and 13% in the first half. They also show that NVIDIA relies on an Asia-centered external supply chain and has substantial forward supply and capacity commitments.
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Repair common Windows errors and clear accumulated junk for a smoother, more stable PC - no reinstall needed.Free scan · no reinstallThey do not establish the proportion of supplier spend or production tied to TSMC, Samsung, SK hynix, Micron, Foxconn, Wistron, Fabrinet, or any other individual provider. Nor do they show that listed suppliers are interchangeable or that announced diversification can replace a disrupted source immediately. For an investment decision, concentration is a factor to weigh alongside demand, execution, and supply flexibility—not a standalone buy-or-sell signal. NVIDIA identifies risks including inaccurate demand estimates, customer purchasing changes, production complexity, and supply constraints, which can contribute to volatility, delays, inventory provisions, or higher costs.
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