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Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minuteChainalysis estimated that North Korean hackers stole at least $2.02 billion in cryptocurrency in 2025. That is a year-end estimate by one blockchain analytics firm, not an audited or universally agreed total. The February Bybit breach—valued at about $1.46 billion by TRM Labs—accounted for most of the year’s North Korea-linked theft in the assessments described here.
What is the 2025 estimate?
In its December 18, 2025 assessment, Chainalysis put North Korea-linked cryptocurrency theft at at least $2.02 billion. The firm said that was $681 million more than its 2024 estimate, a 51% year-over-year increase, and brought its lower-bound cumulative estimate to $6.75 billion.
Other organizations published different totals. Those numbers are best read as separate assessments, not added together: they overlap in the incidents they count and differ in cutoff dates and attribution standards.
| Source and publication | Reported amount | Period and qualification |
|---|---|---|
| Chainalysis, December 18, 2025 | At least $2.02 billion | Year-end estimate of North Korea-linked theft; Chainalysis describes it as a lower bound. |
| TRM Labs, 2025 assessment | $1.92 billion | Full-year estimate attributed to DPRK-linked actors. |
| Elliptic, October 6, 2025 | More than $2 billion | Running estimate published with three months still remaining in the year. |
| Multilateral Sanctions Monitoring Team (MSMT), October 2025 report | $1.64578 billion | January–September 2025; includes thefts attributed to the DPRK with a high degree of certainty. |
Why do the estimates differ?
The estimates do not share one cutoff or one case-selection rule. Chainalysis and TRM Labs reported full-year assessments; Elliptic’s October 6 figure was a running total; and the MSMT figure covers only January through September. The MSMT also explicitly limited its tally to cases attributed with high confidence, while noting that potentially DPRK-conducted thefts were excluded and the actual volume could be higher.
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- Attribution thresholds: Analysts assess whether an incident is linked to North Korea using evidence such as blockchain transactions, laundering patterns, and intelligence. Elliptic cautioned that “Attributing cyber thefts to North Korea is not an exact science” and said it excludes some suspected cases when evidence is insufficient.
- Different publication dates: An estimate made before year-end cannot cover the same period as a full-year assessment.
- Incident selection and valuation: Firms and governments may differ in which cases they include and how they assess the value stolen. The reported figures generally describe value at the time of theft, not a final balance after later transfers, conversions, recoveries, or seizures.
The MSMT report says its estimates were based on participating-state analysis coordinated with Mandiant and Chainalysis. Its nine-month figure is therefore useful context, but it should not be compared as though it were a competing full-year estimate.
How much did the Bybit breach contribute?
The February 2025 Bybit compromise was the dominant incident in the annual totals. TRM Labs put the breach at approximately $1.46 billion and attributed it to North Korean operatives. Chainalysis described the loss as $1.5 billion in its account of the event. These are each organization’s stated figures; the difference reflects their reporting, not a separate amount to add to the total.
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TRM Labs said Bybit represented 51% of all cryptocurrency stolen in 2025 under its calculation. Chainalysis called it the largest single hack in its dataset. The MSMT likewise said the breach made up the vast majority of North Korean cryptocurrency theft proceeds through September. Because one incident accounts for so much of the reported total, estimates can move substantially when analysts differ on its valuation or attribution.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What do the figures say—and not say—about the thefts?
They show that multiple analysts and a participating-state monitoring team assessed North Korea-linked cryptocurrency theft as exceptionally large in 2025, with much of the reported value concentrated in Bybit. They do not establish that the North Korean state ultimately received or retained exactly $2.02 billion. The sources estimate value stolen; they do not provide a comprehensive accounting of what was converted, recovered, seized, lost during laundering, or ultimately received by the state.
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The reports also describe more than direct attacks on exchanges. The MSMT said several major incidents, including Bybit, DMM Bitcoin, and WazirX, involved compromises of third-party providers. Chainalysis described other assessed tactics, including embedded IT workers seeking privileged access and deceptive recruitment or business approaches intended to obtain credentials or sensitive system information. These are reported patterns, not a claim that every incident used the same method.
Chainalysis’s analysis of major DPRK-attributed hacks from 2022 through 2025 observed laundering activity unfolding in multiple waves over about 45 days in typical cases. It also noted that some funds remain dormant and that some activity may not be visible on-chain. That makes tracing and estimating movements difficult; it does not turn a theft estimate into a verified measure of final proceeds.
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