In 2025, Iowa harvested the most corn for grain among Iowa, Illinois and Minnesota, while Illinois harvested the most soybeans. The leader changes when you compare yield per acre: Illinois led corn yield, and Iowa led soybean yield. These are final USDA estimates for 2025, not a forecast for a future harvest.
2025 harvest comparison: production, yield and acres
The table compares USDA NASS state-overview figures for 2025. Corn refers to corn for grain; corn silage is a separate category and is not included in the corn-for-grain production figures. Harvested acres, yield and production measure different things.
| State | Corn harvested acres | Corn yield | Corn production | Soybean harvested acres | Soybean yield | Soybean production |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iowa | 13.15 million | 210 bu/acre | 2.7615 billion bu | 9.38 million | 63.5 bu/acre | 595.63 million bu |
| Illinois | 10.95 million | 214 bu/acre | 2.3433 billion bu | 10.23 million | 62.5 bu/acre | 639.375 million bu |
| Minnesota | 8.44 million | 201 bu/acre | 1.69644 billion bu | 7.07 million | 52.5 bu/acre | 371.175 million bu |
Source: USDA NASS 2025 State Agriculture Overview for Iowa, Illinois and Minnesota.
Which state produced the most corn and soybeans?
Corn: Iowa led total production
Iowa’s 2.7615 billion bushels of corn for grain exceeded Illinois’s 2.3433 billion and Minnesota’s 1.69644 billion. Iowa also had the largest corn harvested area of the three. Illinois, however, had the highest corn yield at 214 bushels per acre, compared with Iowa’s 210 and Minnesota’s 201. In other words, the state with the best yield per acre was not the state with the most total corn.
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Soybeans: Illinois led total production
Illinois produced 639.375 million bushels, ahead of Iowa’s 595.63 million and Minnesota’s 371.175 million. Illinois had the largest soybean harvested area among the three, while Iowa had the highest yield: 63.5 bushels per acre, compared with Illinois’s 62.5 and Minnesota’s 52.5. Iowa’s higher per-acre yield did not make it the production leader.
Why production and yield tell different stories
Production is the total crop harvested, measured here in bushels. Yield is the number of bushels per harvested acre. Harvested acreage supplies another essential piece of the comparison: a state can produce more overall because more acres were harvested, even if another state produced more bushels per acre.
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The figures show that Iowa’s corn production lead coincided with its larger harvested corn area, despite Illinois’s higher corn yield. For soybeans, Illinois had the larger harvested area and higher total production, while Iowa’s yield was slightly higher. These figures describe the differences; they do not establish why yields or acreage differed.
How to read the 2025 figures and their limits
USDA NASS’s Crop Production 2025 Summary, released January 12, 2026, reports final national estimates informed by December Agricultural Survey data. NASS describes monthly Crop Production reports as forecasts and the mid-January summary as its end-of-season estimates. Comparing figures from the same reporting vintage avoids mixing forecasts with final estimates.
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The three states here are a useful comparison of major Corn Belt producers, not a proven ranking of the top three states for both crops. Within this group, Minnesota ranked third in production for both corn for grain and soybeans. Nationally, USDA NASS reported 17.0 billion bushels of corn at an average yield of 186.5 bushels per acre, and 4.26 billion bushels of soybeans at an average yield of 53.0 bushels per acre in 2025. Those national figures provide context; they do not change the three-state comparison.
Corn silage should not be added to corn-for-grain bushels. The state overviews list silage separately in acres and tons: Iowa reported 250,000 silage acres and 6.25 million tons; Illinois, 90,000 acres and 1.8 million tons; Minnesota, 360,000 acres and 8.28 million tons. Silage tonnage is a different measure from grain bushels.
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What state harvest totals do—and do not—tell you
Production rankings describe aggregate state output, not the experience of an individual farm or a forecast of prices, revenue or storage needs. The figures do not show what caused the state-to-state differences. Iowa’s agriculture department reported record corn production, a record soybean yield and the state’s second-highest corn yield for 2025. Iowa Agriculture Secretary Mike Naig described the season as variable, with areas experiencing excess rain, dryness and disease pressure; that is Iowa-specific context, not an explanation of the differences among all three states.
Moisture checks before soybean storage
State production totals do not determine whether a particular load is ready for storage. The University of Minnesota Extension says harvesting soybeans at 13–15% moisture can help maximize weight while minimizing harvest losses, and notes that moisture and storage temperature affect safe storage duration. Treat that range as extension guidance, not a universal target for every storage period or local condition. See its guidance on storing, drying and handling wet soybeans.
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Iowa State University Extension notes that grain temperature affects portable moisture-tester readings and recommends testing each soybean sample at least three times and averaging the results because readings vary. Its soybean storage guidance covers testing, while its grain-bin preparation advice addresses getting storage ready for harvest.
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