Brazil elects its president by direct vote. A candidate wins in the first round only by receiving an absolute majority of valid votes; otherwise, the two leading candidates face each other in a second round. Blank and null votes do not count as valid votes for this calculation, and first-round votes do not carry over to the runoff.
How does Brazil’s presidential election work?
Brazil uses a two-round majority system for presidential elections. In the first round, all registered presidential contenders compete. A candidate wins outright only if they receive more than half of the valid votes. The Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE), Brazil’s electoral authority, defines valid votes as votes excluding blank and null ballots. This is not the same as receiving more than half of everyone who went to the polls.
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If no one reaches that threshold, the two candidates with the most votes advance to a second round. The runoff is a new election: voters choose between those two candidates, and the one with more valid votes in that round wins. Votes cast in the first round are not added to the second-round totals. The TSE explains these rules in its guide to how Brazil elects its president.
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A free scan shows the junk files, broken settings and background clutter dragging Windows down - then fixes them in one click.Free scan · Windows 10 & 11| Stage | Who competes? | How the winner is determined |
|---|---|---|
| First round | All registered presidential contenders | A candidate must receive an absolute majority of valid votes to win outright. |
| Second round, if needed | The two candidates with the most first-round votes | The candidate with more valid votes in the new election wins. |
The TSE’s rule for presidential elections is also set out in Article 6 of Resolution No. 23.677/2021, as amended in 2026. Its Portuguese text says: “Se nenhuma candidata ou candidato aos cargos de Presidente da República, Governador de Estado e do Distrito Federal alcançar maioria absoluta no primeiro turno, será realizada nova eleição, em segundo turno, com as duas pessoas mais votadas, considerando-se eleita a que obtiver a maioria dos votos válidos.” Translation: “If no candidate for President of the Republic, Governor of a State or the Federal District achieves an absolute majority in the first round, a new election will be held in a second round with the two people who received the most votes, and the one who obtains the majority of valid votes will be considered elected.” The presidential explanation above concerns the nationwide presidential contest; the resolution also addresses governorships.
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When is Brazil’s next presidential election?
For the 2026 general election, the first round is scheduled for October 4. If a presidential runoff is required, it is scheduled for October 25. These dates are specific to the 2026 election cycle, not a permanent calendar for every election. The dates appear in the TSE’s Resolution No. 23.751 of February 26, 2026.
How do I vote for president in Brazil?
Voting is direct and secret, using electronic ballot boxes. In 2026, the TSE schedules voting from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Brasília time. Local election materials should be checked for applicable instructions; the stated hours are for that election cycle.
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In the 2026 ballot sequence, the presidential vote comes after choices for federal deputy, state or district deputy, two Senate seats, and governor. On the electronic ballot screen, voters enter the candidate’s number and see the candidate’s name, photograph, office, and party before confirming their choice. The TSE publishes the 2026 order of voting and ballot-screen details.
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For the 2026 election, the TSE identifies its Results website and mobile app as official public channels. It says disclosure is scheduled to start at 5 p.m. Brasília time. The TSE’s 2026 results information describes these channels. Check the official service for current totals rather than relying on an untimestamped figure elsewhere.
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A public results display during counting is not itself the same as final formal approval and proclamation. The 2026 resolution provides for official disclosure through systems developed or approved by the TSE, including publication of totaled polling-place bulletins that can be checked against bulletins produced at polling sections. In 2022, the TSE plenary approved the final second-round tally report on December 6 and proclaimed Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Geraldo Alckmin elected president and vice-president. The TSE reported 124,252,796 votes counted in that second round; that figure is a count of votes, not a statement of valid votes or a figure for another election. See the TSE’s account of the 2022 proclamation and tally approval.
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