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Americans Reported $5.6 Billion in Cryptocurrency-Related Losses to the FBI in 2023

The FBI reported $5.6 billion in cryptocurrency-related losses to IC3 in 2023, led by investment fraud. Learn how scams work and what to do if targeted.
From TheFinanceBase Team3 min to read
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The FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) recorded 69,468 complaints involving cryptocurrency and $5.6 billion in reported losses for 2023. Losses were 45% higher than in 2022, with investment fraud accounting for the largest share. These figures describe complaints submitted to IC3, not a complete count of every scam or every person who lost money.

What the FBI’s $5.6 billion figure measures

The FBI’s 2024 2023 Cryptocurrency Fraud Report summarizes more than 69,000 complaints and more than $5.6 billion in cryptocurrency-related losses. Its data graphic specifies 69,468 complaints. The report says reported losses rose 45% from 2022.

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These are losses reported to IC3 in complaints involving cryptocurrency—not a verified census of Americans’ losses or a count of unique victims. Some people may submit more than one complaint, and the reported location depends on information supplied. The totals are a point-in-time assessment and may change as complaints are updated.

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Which kinds of crypto fraud accounted for the losses?

Investment fraud was the largest category in the report: $3.96 billion in reported losses in 2023, compared with $2.57 billion in 2022, a 53% increase. That category is part of the overall $5.6 billion total; the total also includes other complaint types and descriptors.

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Measure or category 2023 reported figure Context
All cryptocurrency-related complaints 69,468 Complaint count in the FBI/IC3 report’s data graphic.
All cryptocurrency-related losses $5.6 billion Reported losses; 45% higher than in 2022.
Investment fraud $3.96 billion Reported losses, up from $2.57 billion in 2022, a 53% increase.
Cryptocurrency-kiosk-related complaints More than 5,500 complaints; more than $189 million in reported losses Kiosk complaints may also involve other transaction types.
Complainants over 60 whose complaints referenced cryptocurrency $1.648 billion Aggregate reported losses; this does not establish comparative victimization or reporting rates by age.

The report also describes technology-support, personal-data-breach, confidence or romance, and government-impersonation complaints involving cryptocurrency. Those categories and descriptors are not interchangeable, and the figures above should not be added together unless the report explicitly treats them as separate totals.

How a common crypto investment scam works

  1. Build trust: A scammer may approach through a dating app, social platform, professional network, or encrypted messaging service and cultivate an online relationship.
  2. Introduce an investment: The person steers the target toward a purported cryptocurrency opportunity, often on a site or app controlled by the criminals.
  3. Show fabricated gains: The platform may display fictitious profits. A small early withdrawal may be allowed to make the operation seem credible.
  4. Demand more money: When the victim tries to withdraw a larger balance, the operator may demand a supposed tax or fee first. Paying does not ensure the funds will be released.

The FBI also describes a liquidity-mining variation in which scammers promised returns of 1% to 3% per day, persuaded victims to connect a wallet to a fraudulent app, and then drained it. Those figures were scam promises, not credible or endorsed investment returns.

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Warning signs to take seriously

  • An online-only acquaintance, caller, or purported official pressures you to invest or pay urgently.
  • Someone promises guaranteed or unusually high returns, or says you must pay a tax or fee before withdrawing supposed profits.
  • A stranger coaches you to withdraw cash and send cryptocurrency through a kiosk to an address or QR code they provide. The FBI says no legitimate law-enforcement or government official will demand payment through a cryptocurrency kiosk.
  • A website, app, email domain, or wallet connection cannot be independently verified.
  • Someone claiming to recover stolen cryptocurrency demands an upfront fee, claims a law-enforcement affiliation, or keeps asking for additional payments.

What to do if you sent cryptocurrency

  1. Stop sending money. Do not pay additional “taxes,” release fees, or recovery charges. Crypto transfers are fast and irrevocable; recipients may move funds quickly, and reporting does not guarantee recovery.
  2. Preserve transaction and contact details. Save wallet addresses, transaction hashes, amounts and currency types, dates and times, messages, platform or website names, domains, phone numbers, and other identifiers.
  3. Submit a report to IC3. Use the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center. The FBI encourages reporting even when no money was lost; prompt, accurate details can assist law-enforcement investigations.
  4. Verify any follow-up independently. If someone claims to represent an agency or company, find its public contact information yourself and call that number rather than using details supplied by the caller or message.
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Can stolen cryptocurrency be recovered?

Do not assume a private recovery service can retrieve funds. The FBI warns that recovery scammers target people who have already been defrauded, often through social media, messages, comments, or search results. Private-sector recovery companies cannot issue legal orders to seize cryptocurrency. Be especially wary of upfront fees and repeated requests for money.

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Reporting promptly is useful, but neither a report nor a recovery firm can promise that a transfer will be reversed or funds returned. Michael D. Nordwall, assistant director of the FBI’s Criminal Investigative Division, wrote in the report: “Rapid and accurate complaint reporting are key to assisting law enforcement in investigating fraud schemes that exploit cryptocurrencies.”

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