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Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →In 2020, Amaravati landowners feared that Andhra Pradesh’s proposed three-capital plan would weaken the value of the urban plots promised in exchange for their farmland, while construction had already made a return to farming difficult. Andhra Pradesh later named Amaravati as its capital in a 2026 amendment. That legal designation does not establish that every returnable plot has been registered, developed or made usable, or that every promised benefit has been delivered.
What farmers gave up—and what they expected in return
Under the land-pooling scheme (LPS), landowners contributed agricultural land for the planned capital region. In return, the scheme offered returnable residential and commercial plots, along with payments and other benefits whose terms depended on land category and eligibility. For many families, the exchange was not simply farmland for a different kind of property: it also meant giving up an existing livelihood in the hope that a new city would bring jobs, education and opportunity.
In Sruthisagar Yamunan’s February 6, 2020 Scroll.in report, farmer Durgapathy Rao said his family had contributed about four acres in 2015: “This land sustained us for generations.” Some farmers said they joined voluntarily; others told Scroll they felt compelled after legal challenges failed. The report captured individual accounts, not a finding that every landowner had the same experience.
The Andhra Pradesh High Court’s 2022 judgment records that the scheme relied on landowners’ expectation that a capital would be established and that people could find non-farm work after surrendering agricultural livelihoods. That description helps explain the stakes; it should not be read as a summary of every issue decided by the court or of later appeal proceedings.
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What the scheme said people would receive
The terms described in 2020 and the policy framework published by the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority (APCRDA) in February 2025 are not identical snapshots. The framework says LPS operates under the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority Act, 2014, and the 2015 Land Pooling Scheme Rules.
| Benefit or process | What the 2020 report described | What APCRDA’s February 2025 framework says |
|---|---|---|
| Returnable plots | Residential and commercial plots for participating landowners. | Urban plots in or around the same village; owners could choose residential, commercial or combined plot options. Ownership is transferred through Land Pooling Ownership Certificates (LPOCs). |
| Payments to landowners | Annual payments that varied by land type, scheduled for ten years. | Annuity payments extended from ten to fifteen years. |
| Support for eligible landless families | Monthly compensation for eligible families for ten years. | The framework also lists benefits such as skills training, access to interest-free self-employment loans for eligible poor people, NREGA work subject to eligibility and demand, and educational and health benefits. |
| Other listed support | The report focused on plots, annual payments and compensation. | The framework lists an agricultural loan waiver in addition to the other benefits described above. |
The table describes scheme terms, not proof that each benefit reached each household. Eligibility differed, and the 2020 report noted concerns among tenants and landless workers about how compensation beneficiaries were identified. It did not establish that every affected non-owner household qualified.
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Why the three-capital proposal created uncertainty
In 2019, the YSR Congress government proposed dividing state functions among Amaravati, Visakhapatnam and Kurnool: Amaravati would retain legislative functions, while Visakhapatnam and Kurnool would host executive and judicial functions respectively. The proposal raised a practical question for people who had exchanged productive land for plots tied to a capital city: would a smaller or differently focused Amaravati still develop in a way that made those plots valuable and supported the promised transition to urban work?
That fear was expressed, not measured, in the 2020 reporting. A Kiran, of Krishnayapalem, told Scroll: “We gave up fertile land and we could end up with a useless plot.” The quote records his concern at the time; it is not an assessment of the market value of his plot. Scroll also reported that construction had made returning to farming impractical for some people, leaving them exposed if the anticipated urban opportunities did not materialise.
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Landless workers faced a different risk
People who worked on pooled farms without owning the land did not necessarily receive the same returnable plots or payment terms as landowners. In Scroll’s 2020 account, tenant farmers and landless workers questioned the identification of compensation beneficiaries and described losing farm income while jobs in the future city remained uncertain.
Farm labourer Seshagiri told Scroll, “The farmers with land succumbed. Now we are all suffering.” The report said he was receiving Rs 2,500 a month in compensation at that time. That was his reported payment in 2020, not a general rate for all workers or a current amount.
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What APCRDA’s figures establish—and what they do not
APCRDA’s February 2025 framework reports that 34,568.8 acres had been contributed under LPS against a target of 37,941.58 acres. It also says all LPS farmers had received an LPOC and that registration was about 82% complete as of February 10, 2025. The framework expected the remaining registrations by the end of March 2025, but that expectation is not confirmation that registration was completed by then.
An LPOC, registration and a developed, usable plot are distinct stages. The published figures do not provide a current, household-by-household reconciliation of registrations, possession or infrastructure. APCRDA’s public project page lists infrastructure procurement packages in several Amaravati village grids; procurement listings alone do not show that works are complete or that services are available at a particular returnable plot.
Has Amaravati now legally become Andhra Pradesh’s capital?
Yes. Scroll reported in April 2026 that the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Amendment Act had received presidential assent and named Amaravati as the state capital. The amended statutory wording reported by Scroll is: “The capital of Andhra Pradesh is Amaravati.” This resolves the question of the capital’s formal statutory designation, unlike the uncertainty surrounding the 2019 proposal.
It does not, by itself, show that every individual plot is registered, that infrastructure is complete, or that all payments and other benefits have been delivered. The same 2026 report records the YSR Congress’s argument that farmers’ interests and a clear compensation timeline needed protection; that is a reported political position, not evidence of individual payment status.
What remains unresolved for an individual household
The available published figures do not establish a current total for plots registered or delivered, the completion or usability of infrastructure at each plot, or an independent measure of livelihood recovery. They also do not support ranking villages or households by outcome. For a particular family, the relevant questions depend on its land category and ownership or eligibility status, whether its LPOC has been registered, and the location and development status of its returnable plot.
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