DriversRecommendedOutdated drivers can make a good PC feel brokenScan driver issues before chasing fixes manually.Scan NowOctober DealsAmazon USOctober deal check: compare before you payAmazon US: current deals, useful picks and tech finds.Check DealsPC HealthRecommendedCrashes, freezes, slowdowns? Check your PC nowSpot repairable issues before they interrupt work.Check PC×
Skip to content
The Finance Base
The Money Desk · Blog
Re:

15 Companies Relentlessly Working On Solid State Batteries

Toyota, Honda, QuantumScape, CATL and 11 other companies are developing solid-state batteries. Here is where each program stands and what investors should watch.
From TheFinanceBase Team10 min to read
Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

Solid-state batteries could make electric vehicles lighter, safer, and quicker to charge, but the technology is still moving from laboratory cells to repeatable factory production. That distinction matters for investors and consumers: a company can demonstrate a promising prototype without having a battery that can be manufactured profitably at automotive scale.

The 15 companies below cover the main commercial programs as of August 9, 2026. Some are automakers building their own cells, some are battery manufacturers, and others are specialist technology companies. The list separates all-solid-state programs from semi-solid and conventional lithium-metal projects that are sometimes described too broadly as “solid-state.”

What counts as a solid-state battery?

An all-solid-state battery replaces the liquid electrolyte used in a conventional lithium-ion cell with a solid electrolyte. That electrolyte must allow lithium ions to move between the cathode and anode while preventing internal short circuits.

The potential advantages are substantial: higher energy density, improved resistance to fire, and the possibility of using lithium-metal or anode-free designs. The engineering challenges are substantial too. Companies must manage cracking, contact between solid layers, manufacturing yields, charging behavior, operating pressure, cycle life, and cost.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.
#1 Best Overall
HELLEE 15000mAh Portable Charger Power Bank, 45% Smaller Built-in 4 Cables
  • Up to 3.5 Phone Charges On the Go: Compact and easy to carry, this 15,000mAh power bank keeps you powered for travel, commuting, and emergencies. Charges iPhone 17 up to 3.5 times, Samsung S26+ up to 2.5 times, and AirPods Pro up to 20 times.
  • 40% Smaller, 45% Lighter: Designed for power without the extra bulk, this compact power bank is 40% smaller and 45% lighter than conventional models, making it easy to carry for travel and daily use. Built-in USB-A, Type-C, iOS, and Micro cables keep your devices ready to charge—no extra cables needed.
  • Airline-Safe Power, Trusted Worldwide: Safe charging you can trust. Join over 50 million users worldwide who rely on our safety-focused design for worry-free charging and carry-on travel.
  • 50% Power in 30 Minutes: Get fast, convenient charging when you need it most. This 22.5W portable charger powers your phone up to 50% in just 30 minutes, ideal for busy days and travel.
  • Charge 6 Devices at Once: With 6 outputs and a bi-directional Type-C port, this portable charger powers multiple devices at the same time. Compact enough for your pocket or bag.

A semi-solid battery is different. It retains some liquid or gel electrolyte, even if most of the cell uses solid material. Semi-solid batteries may reach the market sooner, but they should not be treated as proof that a company has solved all-solid-state manufacturing.

15 companies developing solid-state batteries

1. Toyota

Toyota has one of the longest-running automotive solid-state programs, dating back to 2006. It is developing sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries and is working with Idemitsu Kosan on the electrolyte supply chain.

The companies are targeting commercialization in 2027–2028, followed by full-scale production. Toyota’s program is important because it combines cell development with an effort to secure the materials and manufacturing processes needed for high-volume vehicles.

What to watch: whether Toyota can turn its announced timetable into consistent automotive production at an acceptable cost. The 2027–2028 target is a goal, not a guaranteed delivery date.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

2. Idemitsu Kosan

Idemitsu Kosan is not primarily an automaker. Its role is to develop and scale the sulfide solid electrolyte intended for Toyota’s batteries. Its work includes lithium-sulfide production, electrolyte manufacturing, and a larger pilot facility for mass-production validation.

This makes Idemitsu a potentially important infrastructure supplier in the solid-state market. Even if several automakers develop competing cells, they may still need reliable sources of specialized electrolyte materials.

What to watch: production scale, material quality, and whether the Toyota partnership expands into a dependable commercial supply relationship.

3. Honda

Honda has built a 27,400-square-meter demonstration production line in Sakura, Japan. The line is designed to test more than cell chemistry. Honda is using it to validate materials, roll-pressing, cell assembly, costs, and mass-production procedures.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

Honda has said it is targeting production applications in the second half of the 2020s. The demonstration line is a useful signal because battery commercialization depends as much on manufacturing consistency as on laboratory performance.

What to watch: whether the line produces repeatable cells at automotive quality and whether Honda discloses meaningful data on durability and production economics.

4. Nissan

Nissan is developing all-solid-state batteries in-house and has prototype production facilities. The company aims to launch an electric vehicle using its own solid-state battery technology by fiscal 2028.

An internal program could give Nissan more control over battery design, packaging, and vehicle integration. It also means Nissan carries more of the technical and financial risk rather than relying entirely on a third-party cell supplier.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.
Rank #2
Sale
ZZI Portable Charger Power Bank 60000mAh, 22.5W PD Fast-Charge Battery Pack
  • Huge Capacity 60000mAh Power Bank: ZZI portable charger features a new high-density polymer battery that provides 10 charges for iPhone 15, freeing you from battery anxiety. Compatible with almost all types of smart devices on market including iPhone 17/16/15/14/13/12 Series, iPad, Samsung, Google Pixel series, Switch, and other Android phones and tablets.(IMPORTANT: 60000MAH PORTABLE CHARGER ARE NOT ALLOWED ON AIRPLANE)
  • Charge 5 Devices Simultaneously: Portable charger power bank comes with a 3-in-1 high-strength nylon braided cable (Type-C / iOS / Micro USB) that has passed over 10,000 folding and plug-in/unplug tests, ensuring long-term durability and wear resistance. Charge up to five devices at once—suitable for home, travel, camping, hiking, vacation and outdoor trips
  • 22.5W Super Fast Charging & Battery Protection: The battery charger can charge your iPhone 15 to 60% in just 30 minutes — 3 times faster than a standard portable phone charger. Built-in smart recognition chip automatically adjusts power output for different devices, delivering efficient and safe charging that protects your battery—so you can enjoy worry-free charging every time
  • Ultra Compact & Smart LED Display: With its massive 60,000mAh capacity, ZZI battery bank provides long-lasting power without feeling bulky. Measuring only 5.8×2.9×1.1in, its size is similar to an iPhone 15, about twice the thickness, striking an ideal balance between capacity and portability. The LED digital display of portable battery shows the remaining battery in real time, allowing precise control over every charge
  • Reliable 5-Layer Safety Protection: The battery pack portable charger features overcharge, overcurrent, overdischarge, overvoltage, and short-circuit protection, keeping your devices safe at all times, giving you complete confidence with every charge. What You Get: 1* power bank, 1* 3-in-1 USB cable, and 1* user manual

What to watch: prototype-to-vehicle progress, the definition of “launch,” and whether the first application is a limited model or a high-volume vehicle.

5. Samsung SDI

Samsung SDI is developing sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries. On October 31, 2025, it entered a validation project with BMW and Solid Power, bringing together a battery manufacturer, an automaker, and a solid-electrolyte specialist.

This type of collaboration can shorten the path between a promising cell and a vehicle-ready product. It also gives Samsung SDI access to external validation and a potential automotive customer.

What to watch: validation results, customer testing, and whether the partnership progresses from technology evaluation to a supply agreement.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

6. LG Energy Solution

LG Energy Solution is developing sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries using an anodeless design. In an anodeless cell, lithium is deposited during charging rather than beginning with a conventional anode layer, which can improve space efficiency if the design remains stable.

LG Energy Solution’s published commercialization target is 2029. Before that point, it must validate pilot-line production and demonstrate that the chemistry can be manufactured with acceptable yield and durability.

What to watch: pilot-line output, cycle-life data, and whether the company keeps its 2029 target as testing moves toward commercial requirements.

7. SK On

SK On is working on sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries and lithium-metal anodes. It completed construction of an ASSB pilot plant in Daejeon in September 2025 and has stated a commercialization goal of 2029.

What’s actually slowing this PC down?

Pick the symptom - the matching free tool is one click away.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

The pilot plant is a step beyond a laboratory setup, but it is not the same as a mass-production factory. Its purpose is to expose manufacturing problems early and establish processes that could later be expanded.

What to watch: pilot production, pressure requirements, yield, and evidence that lithium-metal cells can maintain performance over many charging cycles.

8. CATL

CATL is not yet selling an all-solid-state battery. The company has, however, identified solid-state batteries as an area it is accelerating alongside its commercial lithium-ion and sodium-ion products.

CATL’s disclosures also describe work on lithium-metal cells and solid-electrolyte interphases. Its position is different from a startup focused almost exclusively on solid-state technology: CATL can fund research through a large existing battery business, but it may also prioritize technologies that reach market sooner.

Free tools Windows power users keep installed

One-click scans. No signup required.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.
Rank #3
Sale
Portable Charger Power Bank 40800mAh with 3 Built-in Cables,25W Fast Phone Charging Portable Battery Pack,5 Outputs Travel Essentials Outdoor External Battery for iPhone 18 Pro Max/17/16,Galaxy-Black
  • [40,800mAh Large Capacity Power Bank]: A massive 40,800mAh capacity with over 2,000 charge cycles and cables tested for 30,000+ bends, this portable charger provides multiple full charges for your devices and is built to last for years of reliable service. It is an essential for long travel and outdoor camping. From blackouts to storms, the lanluk power bank keeps you powered through crises.
  • 【Warm Tip】Size:150*68*30mm (5.90*2.67*1.18in) ,Weight about 410g/14.5oz<1lb. The perfect on-the-go partner for outdoor trips. The portable charger battery cannot be carried on flights.
  • [25W Power Bank Super Fast Charging]: Experience charging speeds up to 4x faster than standard power banks. The 25W hgh-speed output gets you back to 100% quickly and efficiently. Supports PD, QC, and more protocols. Fully compatible for iPhone 18/17/16/15, for Samsung Galaxy, for Google Pixel, tablets, game console, headphones and fan etc.
  • [Charge 5 Devices Simultaneously]: No more choosing which device to charge first. With 3 output ports (2x USB-A, 1x USB-C) and 2 built-in cables (USB-C and iOS Output), you can power up to 5 devices at once. Dual inputs (built-in USB-A cable+USB-C port) for recharging the battery pack backup.
  • [Advanced Safety]: Charge with peace of mind thanks to implemented state-of-the-art security protocols and 10+ multiple system protection that prevent overcharging, short circuits and a series of potential dangers. Bright LED display offers a clear and intuitive way to monitor the battery level.

What to watch: whether CATL moves from research announcements to named pilot lines, customer validation, or a defined production timetable.

9. QuantumScape

QuantumScape is developing an anode-free, solid-state lithium-metal battery that uses a ceramic separator. Its planned commercial product is called QSE-5.

In 2025, QuantumScape shipped Cobra-produced QSE-5 B1 samples and demonstrated the technology in a Ducati V21L motorcycle. The company inaugurated its Eagle Line pilot production facility on February 4, 2026.

QuantumScape’s approach is notable because it is designed to eliminate the conventional anode at manufacture, potentially increasing energy density. The commercial question is whether its ceramic separator and production process can deliver reliable cells at scale.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

What to watch: customer testing, manufacturing yield, cycle life under realistic conditions, and the transition from sample shipments to repeatable production.

10. Solid Power

Solid Power develops sulfide solid electrolytes and all-solid-state cell designs. Its business model is not simply to become a conventional high-volume battery manufacturer. The company has emphasized licensing cell designs and manufacturing processes while selling solid electrolyte.

Its work includes partnerships with Samsung SDI and BMW. Solid Power has also reported BMW i7 test vehicles using its technology.

This model could reduce the capital required to build enormous battery factories, but it makes commercial success dependent on partners adopting and manufacturing the licensed technology.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

What to watch: partner production, electrolyte sales, licensing agreements, and evidence that automakers can manufacture the cells outside Solid Power’s own facilities.

11. Factorial Energy

Factorial Energy’s FEST platform is a solid-state lithium-metal technology developed with automotive partners including Stellantis, Mercedes-Benz, Hyundai, and Kia.

In June 2026, Stellantis integrated FEST cells into a Dodge Charger Daytona development vehicle and began road testing. Vehicle testing matters because cells must perform within a complete battery pack, thermal system, charging system, and safety architecture—not just in a controlled laboratory fixture.

What to watch: road-test results, pack-level performance, durability, and whether a partner commits to a production vehicle rather than continuing with development vehicles only.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.
Rank #4
INIU 10000mAh 45W Fast Charging Portable Charger, Smaller Travel Power Bank
  • 40% Smaller & Lighter Portable Charger: Powered by the industry’s first TinyCell high-density battery technology, this ultra-compact 10,000mAh portable charger power bank is 40% smaller and 36% lighter than conventional chargers. Whether you are an office user slipping a mini small portable battery into a purse for commuting, or a student looking for lightweight college essentials, you get powerful daily carry convenience without the extra bulk to keep you powered on the go.
  • 45W Pro Speed Portable Phone Charger: This 45W fast charger boosts an iPhone 17 Pro Max to 76%, a Galaxy S25 Ultra to 84%, or an iPad Pro to 60% in just 30 minutes (charging from 20%). Whether you are a driver needing a quick portable charger for car, a commuter relying on a desk phone charger, or a gamer wanting a seamless Switch battery pack and Steam deck charger portable, you will spend less time tethered to a wall and more time enjoying your day.
  • Detachable Cable for Multiple Devices: Unlike a standard portable charger with built in cable that becomes useless if the cord breaks, INIU's 0.4ft detachable braided USB-C cable can be swapped anytime to save your investment. It effortlessly transforms into a versatile travel charger for multiple devices, ensuring your family or group travelers always have a reliable portable charger for all cell phones to keep everyone connected without carrying messy cords.
  • Airline-Safe Travel Essentials: This TSA-compliant, flight safe power bank provides nearly 2 full charges for your smartphone, making it the perfect battery pack flight safe for business trips, cruise vacations, and airplane travel essentials. Beyond flights, it empowers campers, hikers, and outdoor users with ultimate camping essentials and road trip essentials—so you can explore freely without battery anxiety, making it ideal gifts for travelers women and men.
  • Trusted Emergency Backup: As the SAFE Fast Charge Pro trusted by over 38 million users, we ensure the safest charging with the highest-grade materials. When unexpected storms or hurricanes strike, it acts as a lifeline—providing a dependable power outage battery backup and emergency phone charger for emergency users.

12. ProLogium Technology

Taiwan-based ProLogium develops lithium-ceramic, all-inorganic solid-state batteries. The company reported shipping more than 2.4 million next-generation lithium-ceramic batteries by the first half of 2025 and is developing a gigawatt-hour-scale factory in Dunkirk, France.

ProLogium’s 2025 technology announcement introduced what it called a “superfluidized inorganic solid-state electrolyte.” Its reported shipments give the company more commercialization experience than a program that exists only at laboratory scale, although shipment volume alone does not establish that automotive-scale production has been solved.

What to watch: progress at Dunkirk, the mix of products represented by reported shipments, automotive customer commitments, and factory economics.

13. Blue Solutions

Blue Solutions, part of the Bolloré Group, has commercial experience with polymer-based solid-state batteries, particularly in buses and commercial vehicles. It continues to develop lithium-metal-polymer generations and has signed development agreements for two-wheelers and other applications.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

Polymer-based cells are an important reminder that “solid-state” covers more than one chemistry. They can have different temperature, charging, and manufacturing requirements from sulfide or ceramic designs.

What to watch: the scale and durability of deployments, improvements in operating performance, and whether the company expands beyond specialist commercial applications.

14. ION Storage Systems

Maryland-based ION Storage Systems develops ceramic, anodeless solid-state batteries designed to operate without external compression. Avoiding heavy compression equipment could simplify pack design and reduce a major obstacle for some solid-state architectures.

In August 2025, ION announced shipment of its Cornerstone cells to consumer-electronics manufacturers. It also targets electric vehicles, grid storage, aerospace, and defense.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

Beginning with smaller or specialized markets can allow a battery company to prove production before attempting the demanding automotive market. It does not guarantee that the same cell can be scaled economically for an EV.

What to watch: customer adoption, independent performance data, production volume, and whether the no-compression design retains its advantages in larger cells.

15. Adden Energy

Adden Energy is commercializing a Harvard-originated solid-state battery using dynamically stable, self-healing solid separators, porous lithium-metal anodes, and a proprietary cell structure.

The company positions its technology for electric vehicles, drones, data centers, robotics, and other high-demand applications. It remains a startup-stage development program rather than a mass-market battery supplier.

Free tools Windows power users keep installed

One-click scans. No signup required.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.
Best Value
Miady 2-Pack Portable Charger, Slim 10000mAh Power Bank Travel Battery Pack
  • Power 3 Devices at Once—No More Waiting! This powerful portable charger lets you charge up to 3 devices at once—perfect for your phone, tablet, and earbuds all at the same time. Whether you are traveling, commuting, or just tackling a busy day, you'll never have to choose which gadget gets power first. Equipped with dual USB-A ports and a USB-C port, it delivers smart and safe charging to virtually any device. Slim, reliable, this is the ultimate sidekick for students, remote workers, gamers.
  • USB-C Bidirectional Power Bank: Designed with USB-C input & output, this power bank brings ultimate convenience. Use the same USB-C port to recharge the battery pack and power your phone, tablet, earbuds, laptop and other devices. Bidirectional charging saves time and simplifies your carry. Miady phone portable charger — your smart charging solution.
  • 2-Pack 10000mAh Power Bank: Double the power, double the peace of mind! This 2-pack battery pack set keeps one charged at home and one ready on the go—so you're never left powerless. Perfect for couples, families, or backup when you need it most. Share the charge, share the convenience!
  • Ultra Slim Phone Portable Charger: Ultra-thin. Ultra-light. Its compact dimensions of 5.5*2.6*0.6 in, weight: 7.68 Oz. This sleek power bank fits anywhere—pocket, purse, or palm—so you get powerful backup without the weight or bulk. Power that moves with you!
  • Your Ultimate Blackout Lifesaver: Blackout? When a sudden power outage strikes, panic sets in—phones die, lights go out, and connection is lost. Stay powered! This compact power bank is your emergency essential—keeping phones charged when the electricity fails. Peace of mind, packed in your pocket.

Its broad target market may provide multiple routes to revenue. Smaller applications can sometimes tolerate higher costs or lower production volumes than passenger vehicles.

What to watch: financing, pilot production, third-party validation, customer contracts, and the movement from laboratory prototypes to commercially useful cells.

Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Support on Ko-Fi

What investors and consumers should measure

Signal Why it matters
Prototype demonstration Shows that the chemistry works in a controlled setting, but says little about factory yield or cost.
Pilot-line production Tests repeatability and manufacturing processes at a larger scale.
Independent customer validation Indicates that an automaker or industrial customer has tested the cells beyond the developer’s own laboratory.
Vehicle or field testing Exposes the battery to real vibration, temperature changes, charging patterns, and pack-level constraints.
Commercial shipments Shows some production capability, although the product may be for electronics or a specialist market rather than mass-market EVs.
Factory economics Determines whether the battery can compete after materials, equipment, labor, yield losses, and warranty costs.

Energy-density claims also need context. A number measured on a small laboratory cell may not survive the addition of current collectors, packaging, cooling hardware, safety systems, and battery-management electronics. The relevant comparison for a car buyer is usually pack-level usable energy, charging performance, warranty life, price, and availability.

Are any of these companies already mass-producing all-solid-state EV batteries?

No. As of August 9, 2026, all-solid-state EV batteries remain mainly in pilot, validation, or pre-commercial stages. Some polymer-based or semi-solid products have seen limited commercial use, but that is not equivalent to mass production of all-solid-state batteries for mainstream electric vehicles.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

Published dates such as 2027, 2028, or 2029 should therefore be read as development or commercialization targets. A target can move because of manufacturing problems, safety testing, customer requirements, raw-material costs, or a decision to launch first in a limited vehicle.

FAQ

Which companies are furthest along in solid-state battery development?

There is no single objective ranking. Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Samsung SDI, LG Energy Solution, SK On, QuantumScape, Solid Power, Factorial, ProLogium, and Blue Solutions all have substantial programs, but they are at different stages and use different chemistries. Pilot lines, customer validation, and vehicle testing are more useful milestones than publicity around a laboratory energy-density record.

Are semi-solid batteries the same as all-solid-state batteries?

No. Semi-solid cells retain some liquid or gel electrolyte. All-solid-state cells use solid electrolyte throughout the cell. Semi-solid products may be commercially available sooner, but their performance and manufacturing challenges are not identical to those of all-solid-state batteries.

When will solid-state batteries be available in ordinary electric cars?

Several companies have announced targets ranging from 2027 to 2029, but none is a guaranteed date for widespread availability. Early products may appear in limited vehicle models, premium cars, or specialist applications before the technology reaches high-volume passenger vehicles.

What’s actually slowing this PC down?

Pick the symptom - the matching free tool is one click away.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

Can individuals invest directly in these companies?

Some developers and manufacturers are publicly traded, while others are private or operate as divisions of larger companies. Investors should check a company’s current listing, financial filings, cash position, capital spending, partnerships, and dilution risk rather than treating a solid-state announcement as proof of future profits. This is a developing technology sector, not a low-risk investment category.

The Bottom Line

Solid-state batteries are progressing through real pilot lines, partnerships, sample shipments, and vehicle tests, but the industry has not yet reached broad mass production of all-solid-state EV cells. Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Samsung SDI, LG Energy Solution, SK On, QuantumScape, Solid Power, Factorial, ProLogium, and others are credible programs—not guaranteed winners.

For consumers, the practical question is when a battery reaches a production vehicle with a competitive price, warranty, charging network, and service system. For investors, the key evidence will be manufacturing yield, customer contracts, capital requirements, and repeatable revenue—not an announced launch year alone.

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

More post from the Money Desk

  1. The Money DeskBlogTheFinanceBase09 OCT 267 minMortgage Escrow FAQs: Taxes, Insurance, Shortages, and Refunds
  2. The Money DeskBlogTheFinanceBase09 OCT 265 minHow Mortgage Escrow Accounts Work and What Homeowners Pay For
  3. The Money DeskBlogTheFinanceBase09 OCT 265 minHow to Read a Stock Chart, Volume and Market-Cap Data
Recommended PC Tool
Recommended PC Tool
Outdated Drivers Are Slowing You DownFree scan - exact matches
PC Slower Than It Used to Be?Free scan - under a minute

Two free Windows tools

One Free Minute Could Fix That PC

Before you go - each of these free tools takes about a minute and tackles what quietly slows a Windows PC down.

Special offer. View Outbyte info, uninstall instructions, EULA, and Privacy Policy.