Congress criticised the Union government over Adani’s renewable-energy project at Khavda in Gujarat, alleging that defence rules near the India-Pakistan border were relaxed in a way that benefited the company. Investigative reports published in February 2025 described 2023 changes to planning guidance and a subsequent transfer of land from the public-sector Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) to Gujarat, which later allocated land to Adani. Those events prompted questions about security and preferential treatment; they do not, by themselves, establish that security was compromised or that the allocation was unlawful.
What prompted Congress’s criticism?
The dispute is about the Khavda renewable energy park in Kutch, Gujarat, near the India-Pakistan border. In February 2025, Congress accused the Centre of easing border-security rules to facilitate Adani’s project and demanded explanations from Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge alleged that the government had endangered national security to benefit private business interests. These were political allegations, not adjudicated findings.
Congress’s criticism focused on the combination of two developments: reported changes to the rules for renewable-energy construction near the border, and the later allocation to Adani of land previously held by SECI. The sequence raised questions about how the policy and land decisions were made.
What defence guidance reportedly changed?
Scroll and The Guardian reported on February 12, 2025, that their journalists reviewed official records and communications concerning decisions made in 2023. According to Scroll, SECI had been allotted 23,000 hectares at Khavda for a wind project, but defence-related restrictions complicated solar development. SECI argued that a wind-only project would not be economically viable.
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Scroll reported that officials from the Defence Ministry and other government bodies discussed the issue at a meeting on April 21, 2023. The meeting account described permission for wind turbines from one kilometre from the border and hybrid renewable projects at specified distances. Scroll also reported that a May 8 notification required wind, thermal, solar and hybrid power plants planned within 20 kilometres of the India-Pakistan border to be planned in consultation with the Defence Ministry. The Guardian described the revised approach as allowing solar panels and wind turbines as close as one kilometre, and said the notification applied to borders adjoining several neighbouring countries.
These accounts describe a change in planning conditions and consultation requirements. They do not establish that every project within the stated distances received approval, or that the guidance removed all defence review. The detailed account here is attributed to the outlets’ reporting on records they said they examined.
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How did the land move from SECI to Adani?
The land chronology is central to the criticism. Scroll reported that SECI sought permission to use its Khavda allotment for a hybrid project, was later directed to consider surrendering it, and returned the 23,000-hectare allocation in July 2023. Gujarat subsequently allocated land to Adani. The Guardian reported that Adani had expressed interest in the land in light of the revised protocols before SECI surrendered it, and that a state committee reallocated additional land to Adani in August.
Scroll reported that Adani held 445 square kilometres in the park at the time of its February 12, 2025 report. The outlet’s figure describes the group’s holdings in the park as reported then; it is not an independent measurement or a statement of current holdings.
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The chronology helps explain why Congress questioned whether the policy and allocation favoured Adani. Timing and sequence alone, however, do not prove improper influence or an unlawful award.
What did Adani and the government say?
An Adani Group spokesperson told Scroll and The Guardian: “We are fully compliant with all the state and central government laws and regulations and have secured all the necessary approvals from the relevant competent authorities.” The company also said the allocation followed policy guidelines and was based on Adani Green Energy’s credentials and performance.
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The Guardian reported that the Indian government did not respond to its request for comment. Scroll said it sought responses from the Defence Ministry, Gujarat government, renewable-energy ministry, SECI and Adani, and would update its report if it received them.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What was said in Parliament?
On March 12, 2025, Congress MP Manish Tewari asked in the Lok Sabha whether a relaxation had been granted. Minister Pralhad Joshi replied that approvals and licences are granted after clearances from the Centre, state and relevant agencies. Congress and DMK members protested and walked out, saying they had not received a satisfactory answer. The exchange set out the government’s general position on approvals but did not resolve every question about the reported rule changes or land-allocation sequence.
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What the record establishes—and what it does not
- Established in the reports: Congress made the allegation; investigative outlets reported 2023 defence discussions and guidance changes; and they described SECI’s surrender of its Khavda land followed by Gujarat allocations to Adani.
- Adani’s position: The company said it complied with applicable laws, obtained necessary approvals and received land under policy guidelines based on its credentials and performance.
- Not established by these accounts: They do not prove that national security was compromised, that the land allocation was unlawful, or that Adani received preferential treatment. The available parliamentary answer also did not settle those disputed questions.
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