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At the close of the 2025 recapitalization, OpenAI disclosed this equity split: the OpenAI Foundation held 26%, Microsoft held approximately 27%, and current and former employees plus other investors held the remaining 47%.
The short answer
The OpenAI Foundation controls OpenAI through special voting and governance rights. It can appoint every director of OpenAI Group PBC and replace those directors at any time.
That is different from owning a majority of the shares. The Foundation held 26% of OpenAI Group’s equity at the close of the October 2025 recapitalization. Microsoft was the largest disclosed commercial shareholder, with approximately 27%, but Microsoft does not control OpenAI’s board.
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| Holder | Disclosed stake | What that means |
|---|---|---|
| OpenAI Foundation | 26% | Controls the company’s governance and appoints the commercial company’s board |
| Microsoft | Approximately 27% | Largest disclosed commercial shareholder, but not the controlling owner |
| Current and former employees and other investors | 47% | Collective equity holders; OpenAI has not published a more detailed breakdown |
These percentages are the ownership figures OpenAI published as of the closing of the October 2025 recapitalization. They should not be treated as a continuously updated public cap table.
What entities make up OpenAI?
OpenAI’s current structure has two linked entities:
- OpenAI Foundation: the nonprofit entity that holds the special governance rights and controls the commercial group.
- OpenAI Group PBC: the public benefit corporation that runs OpenAI’s commercial business.
A public benefit corporation is still a for-profit company, but its legal structure includes a public-benefit purpose alongside the interests of shareholders. In OpenAI’s case, the commercial business is not simply the same legal entity as the nonprofit Foundation.
Who controls OpenAI?
The OpenAI Foundation’s board is the ultimate controlling governance body for OpenAI Group PBC. The Foundation has the right to appoint every member of the Group’s board and to remove and replace directors.
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This creates a structure in which control and economic ownership are separated:
- The Foundation has 26% of the disclosed equity.
- The Foundation has the special rights that determine who governs OpenAI Group.
- Other shareholders may own a larger combined economic interest, but they do not have the same board-control rights.
So the most accurate description is: the Foundation controls OpenAI, while ownership of the commercial company is divided among the Foundation, Microsoft, employees, former employees and other investors.
How much of OpenAI does Microsoft own?
Microsoft owns approximately 27% of OpenAI Group based on OpenAI’s disclosed post-recapitalization figures. That makes Microsoft the largest single disclosed commercial shareholder, but it does not make Microsoft the owner or controller of OpenAI.
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Microsoft’s relationship with OpenAI also includes arrangements that are separate from its equity stake, including cloud-computing, intellectual-property and revenue-sharing provisions. Those commercial agreements should not be confused with share ownership.
OpenAI and Microsoft amended their partnership on April 27, 2026. The announcement said Microsoft would remain a major shareholder, but it did not announce a change to the approximately 27% figure or to the Foundation’s control rights.
Why do some sources say Microsoft owned 49% or 32.5%?
Older explanations often combine different concepts or refer to earlier ownership calculations.
OpenAI previously stated that Microsoft’s interest was 32.5% on an as-converted basis before accounting for recent funding rounds. After the 2025 recapitalization, the disclosed figure became approximately 27% on an as-converted diluted basis.
The frequently repeated “49%” figure may also come from older proposed structures, profit-sharing arrangements or calculations that were not the same as the current equity breakdown. It is not the current disclosed ownership percentage.
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| Claim | How to interpret it |
|---|---|
| Microsoft owns 49% | Outdated or based on a different proposed or economic arrangement |
| Microsoft owns 32.5% | Earlier pre-recapitalization, pre-funding as-converted figure |
| Microsoft owns approximately 27% | Current disclosed post-October 2025 recapitalization figure |
Does Sam Altman own OpenAI?
Sam Altman is OpenAI’s CEO and serves on the OpenAI Foundation’s board. However, OpenAI’s public ownership explanation does not identify a separate equity percentage for him.
The disclosed 47% category covers current and former employees and other investors, but OpenAI has not published an individual cap table showing how much, if any, equity each person holds. It would therefore be inaccurate to state a specific ownership percentage for Altman without a newer authoritative disclosure.
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Does Elon Musk own OpenAI?
Elon Musk was an original co-founder and donor to the nonprofit OpenAI. OpenAI’s current ownership disclosure does not identify him as an equity holder in OpenAI Group.
The current published categories are the OpenAI Foundation, Microsoft, and the combined group of current and former employees and other investors. On that disclosure, there is no stated Musk ownership stake.
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Does the Foundation have rights to more shares?
Yes. In addition to its 26% equity stake, the OpenAI Foundation holds a warrant. A warrant is a contractual right to receive or acquire shares in the future if specified conditions are met; it is not the same as shares already owned.
OpenAI says the warrant could provide significant additional equity if OpenAI Group’s share price rises by more than tenfold after 15 years. The warrant does not immediately dilute the other holders. Any future effect would depend on the conditions and timing of its exercise.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Could the ownership percentages change?
Yes. Equity percentages can change after new funding, share issuances, employee transactions, warrant exercises or other corporate events. OpenAI announced additional funding and partnerships in 2026, but its public structure page continued to present the 26%/27%/47% figures specifically as of the close of the 2025 recapitalization.
Unless OpenAI publishes a newer detailed cap table, the careful way to describe the arrangement is:
The OpenAI Foundation controls OpenAI through special governance rights. At the close of the October 2025 recapitalization, the Foundation held 26% of OpenAI Group PBC, Microsoft held approximately 27%, and current and former employees and other investors held the remaining 47%.
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What this means for investors and consumers
OpenAI is not a publicly traded company whose shares ordinary investors can buy through a brokerage account. Its ownership is private and its published percentages are not the same thing as a daily market price or a public-company regulatory cap table.
For personal-finance purposes, three distinctions matter:
- Control is not the same as ownership. The Foundation controls the board despite holding only 26% of the disclosed equity.
- Microsoft’s partnership is not the same as control. Its cloud and commercial arrangements are separate from its minority shareholding.
- Valuation is not cash in a bank account. OpenAI described the Foundation’s 26% stake as worth approximately $130 billion and Microsoft’s stake as worth approximately $135 billion based on the cited valuation. Those figures are estimates of private-company equity value, not necessarily amounts that could be realized immediately in a sale.
FAQ
Who is the actual owner of OpenAI?
The OpenAI Foundation controls OpenAI Group PBC through special voting and board-appointment rights. It held 26% of the commercial company’s equity at the close of the October 2025 recapitalization, while the rest was held by Microsoft, employees, former employees and other investors.
Does Microsoft own 49% of OpenAI?
No. OpenAI’s current disclosed figure is approximately 27% for Microsoft after the October 2025 recapitalization. Older figures, including 49% and 32.5%, refer to earlier proposals or different ownership calculations.
Does Sam Altman own part of OpenAI?
OpenAI identifies Sam Altman as CEO and a member of the OpenAI Foundation’s board, but it does not publicly disclose a separate equity percentage for him. The broad 47% category includes employees, former employees and other investors.
Does Elon Musk still own OpenAI?
OpenAI’s current ownership disclosure does not identify Elon Musk as an equity holder. He was an original co-founder and donor to the nonprofit OpenAI, but the current disclosed equity holders are the Foundation, Microsoft, employees, former employees and other investors.
The Bottom Line
Bottom line: The OpenAI Foundation controls OpenAI, even though it does not own a majority of the commercial company’s equity. At the close of the October 2025 recapitalization, the Foundation held 26%, Microsoft held approximately 27%, and current and former employees plus other investors held 47%. Microsoft is a major shareholder and commercial partner—not the controlling owner.
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