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A free scan shows the junk files, broken settings and background clutter dragging Windows down - then fixes them in one click.Free scan · Windows 10 & 11Covaxin’s intellectual property was jointly owned by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and Bharat Biotech International Limited (BBIL), according to the Government of India’s 2021 summary of their development agreement. A later government answer says BBIL and ICMR’s National Institute of Virology (NIV) were co-applicants on a joint Indian patent application after NIV was inadvertently omitted from the initial filing. That filing account does not establish that a patent was granted.
What the agreement says about Covaxin ownership
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare’s written answer to Rajya Sabha Unstarred Question No. 250, dated 20 July 2021, summarized the ICMR–BBIL memorandum of understanding (MoU): “IP to be jointly owned by ICMR and BBIL.” The answer said ICMR would provide a characterized virus strain and BBIL would develop the final formulation. It also said the vaccine would be marketed in the joint names of ICMR and Bharat Biotech. Read the official Rajya Sabha answer.
The arrangement was not government-only commercialization. The MoU summary described commercialization under a non-exclusive license, with a royalty of 5% of net sales payable to ICMR half-yearly. It also recorded a one-time ₹5 lakh payment for transfer of the inactivated virus strain. Those terms describe the agreement reported in 2021; they should not be read as proof of a patent grant or as a complete account of every later commercial arrangement.
The same answer said BBIL would provide vaccine free of cost for clinical trials, offer it at a reasonable negotiated price to ICMR and central and state government bodies when available, and prioritize domestic supply over exports. These are terms of a negotiated public-private development and commercialization arrangement, not evidence that government held all operational or commercial rights.
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- CDC & VFC Compliant Storage: Purpose-built to meet strict vaccine storage recommendations with a reliable 2-8ºC operating range, buffered temperature probe, and high/low temperature alarms to ensure clinical efficacy
- Space-Saving ADA Design: Sized at just under 32 inches with a slim 20-inch width; features a front-breathing design allowing for seamless built-in installation under ADA-compliant counters or fully freestanding use
- Advanced Temperature Monitoring: Equipped with an external digital thermostat readout and a temperature memory function, allowing users to securely track, adjust, and log internal storage conditions without opening the unit
- Secure and Convenient Construction: Features a factory-installed lock for restricted access, a double pane tempered glass door, energy-efficient LED lighting, and ⅜” access port for user-provided monitoring equipment
- Dimensions & Build: 31.5" H x 19.5" W x 22.75" D, 2.65 cu.ft. (75 L)
What the later patent filing update establishes—and what it does not
In its answer to Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 166 on 2 August 2024, the Government said BBIL, along with ICMR-NIV, were co-applicants on a joint Indian patent application for Covaxin. The answer said ICMR-NIV had been inadvertently omitted from BBIL’s initial application and that BBIL had filed a correction with the Patent Office. Read the official Lok Sabha answer.
This is a filing update, not confirmation of a granted patent. The parliamentary response provides no application number or current prosecution status, so it does not establish whether the application is pending, granted, abandoned, or otherwise changed. The Patent Office’s Patent Information and Records portal provides official search and status resources, but a specific application record is needed to verify its present status.
Rank #2
- Purpose-Built For Vaccines: Meets CDC, VFC & VFA guidelines with external high/low temp readout, stable 2 - 8ºC operation and a buffered temperature probe encased in a glass bead-filled bottle
- Slim ADA Compliant Design: Sized at 31.5 inches high to fit under lower ADA counters with a front-breathing system allowing for seamless built-in or freestanding installation in a 20-inch footprint
- Advanced Security & Alarms: Keeps sensitive material secure with a factory-installed keyed lock, self-closing door, audible temp alarms and a hospital-grade cord with green dot plug
- Advanced Security & Alarms: Keeps sensitive material secure with a factory-installed keyed lock, self-closing door, audible temp alarms and a hospital-grade cord with green dot plug
- Dimensions & Build: 31.5" H x 19.5" W x 22.75" D, Capacity 2.65 cu.ft. (75 L)
Public expenditure and BBIL’s reported investment are different figures
The government’s figures distinguish ICMR’s expenditure from BBIL’s larger reported share of development costs. In 2021, the Ministry said ICMR had not provided development funds to BBIL, but that ICMR-NIV spent money on development activities and ICMR funded Phase 3 trials. It reported trials at 25 sites with 25,800 participants and estimated ICMR expenditure at ₹35 crore. The 2024 answer again put ICMR’s estimated expenditure at ₹35 crore, itemized as ₹7.2 crore for virus isolation and laboratory and animal work, ₹7.8 crore for trial-sample testing, and ₹20 crore for Phase 3 trial sites and recruitment. The 2024 answer said BBIL spent a much larger component of total development costs. The 2021 answer and the 2024 answer are the sources for those government-reported amounts.
Separately, BBIL said in a 15 June 2021 company statement that it had invested more than ₹500 crore at risk from its resources for product development, clinical trials, and manufacturing facilities. That is a company-reported figure, not an independently reconciled project ledger. BBIL’s statement also described ICMR’s contributions as including the SARS-CoV-2 virus, animal studies, characterization, test kits, and partial funding for clinical-trial sites, and said royalties would go to ICMR and NIV based on sales. Read BBIL’s statement.
Rank #3
- Built specifically for medical use: This pharmaceutical refrigerator includes an external readout of the interior temperature and the high/low temperature. The buffered temperature probe is encased in a bottle filled with glass beads for improved accuracy. Interior between 2ºC and 8ºC. Audible alarm sounds if the temperature is out of range. Includes a pre-installed 3/8" access port for users to install their own monitoring equipment.
- The size and space for your needs: ACR22GLHD is a compact all-refrigerator, with a capacity of 1.94 cu.ft. (55 L). The solid door is equipped with a self-closing mechanism to help protect stored items from being overexposed to room temperature. A factory-installed lock offers added security, and the hospital-grade cord with a 'green dot' plug ensures a secure connection for high-traffic areas.
- Great design inside and out: Features a clean white exterior and a blue-accented control panel. Includes one wire shelf in the center to hold the temperature probe, as well as four additional adjustable shelves. Internal LED lighting. Automatic defrost reduces user maintenance. Internal fan ensures temperature recovery after door openings.
- Quality to the highest standard: This unit’s probe uses an ideal way to produce temperature readings as recommended by the CDC and VFC’s guidelines. Uses a hydrocarbon-based refrigerant to meet CARB regulations and reduce carbon footprint, and is 100% CFC free.
- Dimensions & Build: 23.13" H x 18.88" W x 21.0" D, Capacity 1.94 cu.ft. (55L) (Left Hand Door Swing).
These accounts should not be added together or treated as directly comparable totals: they come from different parties and describe different categories of spending. Public contribution does not by itself answer who owns the IP; the government’s summary of the MoU states that ownership was joint.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Manufacturing support is not the same as ownership
Government support for increasing production capacity and transferring manufacturing technology is relevant context, but it does not establish title to the vaccine’s intellectual property. In May 2021, the Department of Biotechnology announced Mission COVID Suraksha grants and capacity support for BBIL and public-sector manufacturers, and said technology-transfer agreements had been finalized with manufacturers. See the Department of Biotechnology announcement.
Rank #4
- Vaccine Monitoring Kit Consisting of Berlinger Fridge-Tag2L Vaccine Monitor (Fridge) and Berlinger Fridge-Tag2L-FZR (Freezer) Versions.
- Meets CDC & VFC (Vaccines for Children) Program Recommendations for Safe Vaccine Storage & Handling
- ±0.5°C (±1.0°F) Accuracy
- Includes a 2-Year NIST Traceable Calibration Certificate, Compliant to ISO/IEC 17025:2017
- Includes Attached USB Plug, CR-2032 Lithium Battery, 1.5M External Sensor with Glycol Buffer Vial and NIST Traceable Calibration Certificate
In August 2021, the government said Indian Immunologicals had received a CDSCO loan license to produce Covaxin drug substance for supply to BBIL. That is a manufacturing authorization and supply arrangement, distinct from the MoU’s statement about joint IP ownership. See the manufacturing-license announcement.
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