Singapore haze is commonly caused by smoke from forest and land fires elsewhere in Southeast Asia, carried across borders by prevailing winds. The main air-quality concern is fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which can affect people outdoors and enter buildings through ventilation intakes and gaps. Check the National Environment Agency (NEA) for current readings: use 1-hour PM2.5 to guide immediate outdoor activity and the 24-hour PSI forecast to plan ahead.
What causes haze in Singapore?
Haze can reach Singapore when smoke from regional forest and land fires is transported across the region. Whether it reaches the island, and how long it persists, depends on conditions such as dry weather and prevailing wind direction. The source areas therefore vary by episode; haze should not be attributed to one location every time.
NEA and Singapore’s Meteorological Service host the ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ASMC), a regional collaboration that monitors forest fires and transboundary smoke haze. During September 2026, NEA reported smoke from fires in southern Sumatra and Kalimantan drifting toward Singapore amid dry conditions and winds from southerly or southeasterly directions. These were conditions specific to that episode, not a forecast for current conditions.
NEA has also identified 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2019 as years when Singapore’s air quality was affected by transboundary haze. PM2.5 became part of Singapore’s PSI computation in 2014, according to NEA’s State of the Environment report.
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What is PM2.5, and how can haze affect air quality indoors?
PM2.5 refers to fine particles 2.5 microns in size and smaller. NEA identifies it as the main pollutant of concern during smoke haze. These particles are small enough to enter air-conditioned buildings through fresh-air intakes and openings or gaps. Indoor concentrations can build up to unhealthy levels, and particles can also adversely affect air-conditioning systems.
This means indoor air is not automatically unaffected just because a person is inside. NEA’s guidance establishes that particles can enter and accumulate; it does not guarantee that any particular purifier or filtration setup will eliminate exposure.
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What does PSI mean, and which reading should you use?
The Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) indicates the severity of air pollution, including smoke haze. NEA describes PSI readings of 101 and above as unhealthy. PSI is a public guidance measure, not a diagnosis or a complete estimate of an individual’s personal health risk.
| Measure | What it tells you | When NEA says to use it |
|---|---|---|
| 1-hour PM2.5 | Recent fine-particle levels | For immediate outdoor activity decisions |
| 24-hour PSI and forecast | Air-quality severity over a longer period and the forecast | For planning ahead, alongside the relevant health advisory |
These measures serve different purposes and should not be treated as interchangeable. NEA’s September 2026 update explains how to use them with its health advice: Haze situation update, 10 September 2026.
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Is it safe to exercise outdoors during haze?
There is no single answer for everyone or every reading. NEA says the health effects of haze depend on a person’s health status, PSI level, and the duration and intensity of outdoor activity. Its guidance differentiates healthy people; older people, pregnant people and children; and people with chronic lung or heart disease.
At unhealthy 24-hour PSI levels, NEA advises reducing, minimising or avoiding prolonged or strenuous outdoor exertion, with the recommendation depending on the population group. Check the current advisory for your group and the latest 1-hour PM2.5 reading before deciding on outdoor activity; readings and forecasts can change.
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What did NEA report during the September 2026 haze episode?
The following are historical snapshots from NEA reports. They describe conditions at the stated time and are not current readings.
- 4 September 2026: Central Singapore reached a 24-hour PSI of 101 at 7am, entering the unhealthy range. NEA said it was the first haze-related unhealthy PSI reading since 8 October 2023. NEA’s government-agencies update.
- 14 September 2026: At 6pm, NEA reported 1-hour PM2.5 readings of 56–115 μg/m³ and 24-hour PSI readings of 88–117. It linked smoke transport to east-southeasterly winds and fires in Kalimantan and southern Sumatra. NEA’s 14 September update.
- 29 September 2026: At 6pm, the 24-hour PSI ranged from 107 to 157 across Singapore as smoke haze from Kalimantan fires drifted toward the island. NEA’s 29 September update.
Where can you check Singapore’s current PSI?
Use NEA’s Managing Haze guidance for current readings and health advice, or check its haze updates. NEA also provides readings through its myENV app; its 2026 myENV app guide explains app features. Do not rely on an older news report for today’s conditions.
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