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1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsThe federal government did not make a single $2 billion payment or pay damages under a court judgment. Under a program created by the Inflation Reduction Act, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) awarded more than $2 billion in financial assistance to 43,300 applicants who qualified under rules addressing discrimination in USDA farm lending. The application period is closed.
What the $2 billion figure means
Section 22007 of the Inflation Reduction Act authorized $2.2 billion for financial assistance to farmers and ranchers who experienced discrimination in USDA Farm Loan Programs before January 1, 2021. USDA’s DFAP fact sheet describes the authorization; it is a funding limit, not the amount paid to one person.
USDA’s Office of Inspector General (OIG) reported that the department issued 43,300 awards totaling more than $2 billion on July 31, 2024. The awards went to applicants across all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. The authorization and the reported awards are different measures: one is what Congress made available, and the other is what USDA says it issued.
Who the program was for
The program—called the Discrimination Financial Assistance Program, or DFAP—covered qualifying farmers and ranchers who experienced discrimination in USDA farm lending before January 1, 2021. USDA’s 2023 notice also described eligibility for certain current debtors whose USDA farm-loan debt had been assigned or assumed and was subject to qualifying discrimination. The notice’s broader program description included forest landowners as well. Eligibility depended on the program’s criteria, not simply on having had a dispute with USDA.
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DFAP was a financial-assistance program. The award total should not be characterized as a court judgment, a settlement for every eligible person, or proof that each recipient received the same amount.
Applications are no longer open
USDA’s fact sheet listed January 13, 2024, as the application deadline. The original DFAP application window has closed; the fact sheet’s online filing and local-office assistance instructions are historical, not a route to submit a new application now.
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- Application fee: Applying was free.
- Help at the time: USDA offered free technical assistance, including online and in-person support through local offices, and listed a program call center.
In a September 2023 notice, USDA warned that some lawyers or groups were allegedly spreading misleading information, pressuring people to sign retainers, or seeking sensitive personal information. USDA said applicants were not required to hire an attorney and that the application was free. That was a warning issued during the application period, not a finding about any particular organization today.
What the audit says about applications and remaining funds
The OIG audit described an audit universe of 61,917 applications and reported 43,300 awards. Those counts refer to different stages of the process; the application total is not the number of recipients.
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The audit also reported that more than $4.3 million in DFAP funds remained unspent as of April 2025, excluding any funds recovered. That is a dated audit figure, not a statement of the program’s current balance or a pool available for new applications.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How DFAP differs from earlier farmer claims processes
DFAP was separate from a 2011 USDA claims process for Hispanic and women farmers and ranchers who alleged discrimination when seeking USDA farm loans. USDA’s Farm Service Agency said that earlier process involved at least $1.33 billion in compensation plus up to $160 million in farm debt relief, and followed earlier litigation settlements brought by African American and Native American farmers. Those historical figures belong to that separate process and should not be added to DFAP’s $2.2 billion authorization.
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