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Harvard University had the largest endowment market value among U.S. reporting entities in the FY2025 NACUBO-Commonfund table: $55.67 billion. The ten entries below range from $55.67 billion to $20.15 billion. Here, “worth” means endowment market value—not total institutional net worth, cash on hand, or money available to spend immediately.
The figures are for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2025, and are rounded to two decimal places. The ranking reflects reporting entities: alongside individual universities, it includes university systems and system-related foundations.
Which universities are the richest in America?
Ranked by FY2025 endowment market value, these are the ten largest U.S. reporting entities in the published table. The rows and values below are transcribed from a secondary ranking that says it uses the official NACUBO-Commonfund table; NACUBO’s public study page confirms the FY2025 dataset and its scope. See the ranking and its methodology and NACUBO’s public tables.
| Rank | Reporting entity | FY2025 endowment market value |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Harvard University | $55.67 billion |
| 2 | Yale University | $44.15 billion |
| 3 | Stanford University | $40.79 billion |
| 4 | The Trustees of Princeton University | $36.42 billion |
| 5 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | $27.37 billion |
| 6 | The University of Texas System | $27.17 billion |
| 7 | The University of Pennsylvania | $24.81 billion |
| 8 | The Texas A&M University System & Related Foundations | $22.23 billion |
| 9 | University of Michigan | $21.20 billion |
| 10 | The Regents of the University of California | $20.15 billion |
The underlying official table is provided as an Excel file, and the exact rows above are supported here by the secondary transcription rather than a direct spreadsheet-level check. Treat the figures as reported values from that table, not as independently audited valuations of each campus.
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What does “worth” mean in this ranking?
It means the market value of an endowment: an investment pool held to support an institution’s mission over time. Donor agreements may dedicate portions to particular purposes, such as scholarships or endowed faculty positions. Institutions generally use spending policies to determine how much to withdraw each year, rather than treating the market value as a balance freely available for immediate spending.
Endowment spending can support financial aid, faculty, academic programs and research, facilities, and operations. NACUBO describes endowments as long-term support for institutional work; as its president and CEO put it, “Endowments help fuel innovation and serve as a stable foundation for institutions.” NACUBO’s endowment explainer.
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Why this is not a campus-only comparison
The table ranks entities that report endowment values, not ten individual campuses on an identical basis. For example, the University of Texas System and the Texas A&M University System & Related Foundations are system-level reporting entities, while several other entries name an individual university or its governing trustees. A system-wide pool aggregates differently from a single university’s endowment, so the list is useful for comparing reported scale, but not for concluding that one campus has more resources per student.
NACUBO’s study includes U.S. colleges, universities, affiliated foundations, and related nonprofits that volunteer to participate. The ranking therefore covers reporting participants, not every U.S. higher-education institution. NACUBO states that study fiscal years generally run from July 1 through June 30, making FY2025 the year ending June 30, 2025.
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What the broader FY2025 figures show
Study-wide statistics put the top ten’s scale in context, but they are not school-specific figures. The 657 participating colleges, universities, and affiliated foundations represented $944.3 billion in combined endowment assets. Their median endowment was $253.6 million. Participants recorded an average one-year investment return of 10.9% in FY2025 and an average annual return of 7.7% over the ten fiscal years ending FY2025.
Participants withdrew $33.4 billion from endowments in FY2025. Student financial aid accounted for 47.4% of endowment spending, the largest share, and endowments funded an average 15.2% of participants’ operating expenses. These aggregate results illustrate how endowments can support ongoing budgets; they do not establish any one top-ten institution’s return, aid spending, or budget share. NACUBO’s FY2025 results release.
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What this ranking does not tell you
- Total institutional wealth: An endowment is one measure of financial resources, not a calculation of all assets and liabilities or a university’s total net worth.
- Immediately spendable funds: Market value does not show how much is unrestricted, liquid, or available for any purpose; donor restrictions and spending policies matter.
- Resources per student or affordability: The table does not adjust for enrollment, aid packages, tuition, or net price.
- Educational quality or research output: A larger endowment does not, by itself, measure teaching, student outcomes, research performance, or value for money.
Those questions require separate, comparable data—such as endowment per full-time student, annual spending rates, restricted versus unrestricted assets, or student net-price outcomes. The FY2025 ranking does not supply those comparisons across all ten entities.
When will the ranking change?
NACUBO says final FY2026 study results are expected in February 2027. Until that release, FY2025 is the latest public dataset identified for this ranking.
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