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AllPay

Serge Belamant’s NET1 Legacy in South African Welfare: Technology, Litigation and Beneficiary Protection

NET1 sought to make grant payments work across South Africa’s uneven infrastructure. Its technology mattered, but procurement litigation and concerns about deductions made the welfare legacy more complicated.

By TheFinanceBase Team 6 min read

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NET1’s payment technology helped address the practical challenge of delivering grants across South Africa, including in places with weak infrastructure. But the company’s role in welfare payments also became bound up with a constitutionally invalid procurement process and concerns about financial products and deductions affecting beneficiaries. Serge Belamant’s legacy is therefore both technological and contested: a system’s usefulness did not settle whether its contract was lawfully awarded or how its commercial reach should be governed.

Who was Serge Belamant?

Serge Belamant founded NET1 Technologies and served as its chairman and chief executive for many years. He became closely identified with the company’s Universal Electronic Payment System, or UEPS, and the smart-card and biometric technologies NET1 promoted. A 2020 TechBullion interview presents his retrospective on the company’s welfare work. It is useful for understanding how Belamant describes the technology and its aims, but it is not an independent audit of its results.

The interview says Belamant retired from NET1 management in 2017. The court records cited here establish the company’s role in the grant-payment contract, but do not independently verify that biographical detail.

Why South Africa needed a different way to pay grants

When the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) assumed responsibility for social grants, it faced fragmented payment arrangements, cash-related risks, duplication, fraud and administrative problems, according to the Constitutional Court’s account in AllPay v CEO of SASSA. The practical challenge was particularly acute where beneficiaries lived far from banks or dependable communications infrastructure.

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Belamant described a system designed to work in settings without reliable electricity or connectivity, while serving people in both rural and urban areas. The operational goal was broader than creating a card: grants had to be accessible across a large country, including when recipients moved between provinces. His account identifies the problem NET1 said it was solving; the court record independently confirms that SASSA was confronting serious problems in the administration and payment of grants.

How UEPS and biometrics were intended to work

At a high level, UEPS combined smart-card credentials with payment processing designed to support offline or intermittently connected transactions. The system also used fingerprint enrollment and verification. In the grant context, biometric checks were intended to help establish that the person receiving a payment was the enrolled beneficiary, rather than someone using a stolen or borrowed card.

The Supreme Court of Appeal described CPS’s proposal as biometrically verifying that a grant was paid to an authentic beneficiary at the time of payment, regardless of the payment method. The Constitutional Court later recognized that this was a technical advantage over AllPay’s proposal on an important criterion. That finding concerns the relative merits of the proposals; it does not mean biometrics prevent every form of fraud or that procurement rules can be set aside.

Belamant also linked the system to preventing ghost beneficiaries and fraudulent enrollment. Claims in the interview about a “1:N Biometric Comparison Engine,” a “variable PIN,” and UEPS as an early form of blockchain technology should be treated as attributed technical claims, not settled historical facts: the cited court decisions do not establish them.

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What biometric verification does not answer

A fingerprint match can help verify identity, but it cannot by itself resolve every practical or rights question. The interview does not give a full account of how the system handled unreadable or damaged fingerprints, disability, illness, age-related difficulties, authorized assistance, or a disputed match. Nor does it explain in detail who governed biometric data, what recourse a beneficiary had after a failed transaction, or what safeguards applied if an offline device was lost or compromised. Those gaps matter when access to a basic grant depends on an identification system.

How NET1 became a social-grant payment operator

NET1 was the corporate group associated with Cash Paymaster Services (CPS), the operating company that received SASSA’s nationwide grant-payment contract. In February 2012, SASSA awarded CPS a five-year contract covering all nine provinces, beginning April 1, 2012, as described in the Supreme Court of Appeal record.

The grant contract was also commercially significant to NET1. Court-filed material quoting NET1’s 2013 annual report says the company derived substantial revenue from the SASSA contract and expected to use its cardholder base to offer additional financial and other services. The affidavit quoting the report is important context: payment infrastructure could serve a public function while also creating a valuable channel for the company’s other business.

In a later SEC filing, NET1 reported receiving approximately ZAR 277 million from SASSA in June 2014 for additional implementation costs related to beneficiary re-registration. That figure is the company’s reported receipt for that specific implementation work, not a recurring payment or a measure of savings. See NET1’s SEC filing.

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What the AllPay litigation decided

AllPay challenged SASSA’s award of the contract to CPS. The dispute concerned whether the tender had been run lawfully, not simply which company had the more appealing technology. In 2013, the Constitutional Court found the procurement process constitutionally invalid because of procedural irregularities. It also recognized CPS’s biometric verification capability as a technical strength on an important aspect of the tender. Those conclusions can coexist: a technically strong proposal does not cure an unlawful selection process.

In the later AllPay No. 2 decision, the court declared the CPS contract invalid and ordered the tender process to be rerun. It also crafted remedies to avoid interrupting grant payments while a lawful arrangement was put in place. The case illustrates the stakes of public procurement: invalidating a contract cannot be allowed to leave recipients without payments, but continuity does not erase the obligation to follow constitutional procedures.

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Why deductions and financial products became a concern

A payment provider’s connection to grant recipients can make other services easier to distribute. It can also blur the boundary between administering a public benefit and marketing products to people who may have little financial choice. The concern is especially serious if a recipient does not understand a deduction, has not meaningfully consented, or cannot readily challenge it.

On October 16, 2013, South Africa’s Department of Social Development reported that the minister had met with Belamant and directed Net1-linked businesses to stop loading microloans onto SASSA payment cards and selling airtime to social-grant beneficiaries, particularly older recipients. The government’s statement documents the concerns and directive; it should not be read as proof that every deduction was unlawful or that every beneficiary experienced the same problem.

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For beneficiaries, the key questions are practical: was a deduction clearly explained and authorized, could a person receive the grant without taking an additional product, and was there a usable way to dispute a charge or seek a refund? The payment system’s efficiency cannot answer those consumer-protection questions on its own.

What Belamant claimed about the system’s impact

In the 2020 interview, Belamant said NET1’s approach protected beneficiaries against stolen or borrowed cards, helped prevent ghost beneficiaries, extended access to formal financial services, and saved the public fisc billions of rand. He also put the number of people gaining access to formal financial services at approximately 10 million. These are claims in his retrospective, not independently established totals in the interview: it supplies no methodology for the savings estimate or the beneficiary figure.

The available court decisions establish the tender’s scope, the role of biometric verification in CPS’s proposal, and the defects in the procurement process. They do not independently verify the interview’s specific savings or financial-inclusion figures. Likewise, the evidence presented here does not establish that UEPS was the first blockchain technology.

How to assess NET1’s welfare legacy

Belamant and NET1 contributed a model aimed at a difficult payments environment: smart-card transactions, offline capability and biometric checks were intended to make grant delivery workable where conventional infrastructure was limited. That technical contribution is distinct from the company’s governance record. The CPS award was held constitutionally invalid, and the overlap between grant payment, a large beneficiary cardholder base and the sale of other products prompted official concern.

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A fair assessment must hold both points in view. Better payment access and identity checks can matter enormously, but public procurement, informed consent, privacy, beneficiary choice and effective remedies matter too. The AllPay litigation and the government’s 2013 statement show why the history cannot be reduced either to a technology success story or to a claim that every part of the system failed.

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