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India reported USD 93.69 billion in trade with Africa in FY 2025–26, according to the Government of India: USD 45.42 billion in exports from India and USD 48.27 billion in imports to India. The relationship extends beyond goods trade to investment, trade agreements, business forums and development cooperation. Available country figures cover different fiscal years, so they illustrate the range of bilateral ties rather than establish a current ranking of African partners.
How large is India–Africa trade?
The Government of India reported bilateral trade of USD 93.69 billion in FY 2025–26, up 14.39% over the previous fiscal year. Its reported breakdown was USD 45.42 billion in Indian exports to Africa and USD 48.27 billion in imports to India from Africa. On those figures, imports exceeded exports by USD 2.85 billion.
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That total is a fiscal-year figure, not a calendar-year total. It describes the overall India–Africa relationship as measured in the Indian government announcement; it does not show which countries or products account for the import-export difference. The available figures also do not establish a harmonized comparison with African Union or individual African-country statistics.
Which African countries are important trade partners?
South Africa, Nigeria and Ethiopia provide useful examples of different bilateral relationships. Their figures come from different fiscal years, however, and should not be read as a same-period league table.
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| Partner | Reported bilateral trade | What the figure shows |
|---|---|---|
| South Africa | USD 19.25 billion in FY 2023–24 | The Government of India reported the total; a separate export-import breakdown is not stated in that figure. |
| Nigeria | USD 7.13 billion in FY 2024–25 | The High Commission of India in Abuja reports a decline from USD 14.95 billion in FY 2021–22. It is the later of the Nigeria country-page figures cited here. |
| Ethiopia | USD 550.19 million in FY 2024–25 | The Government of India reports exports from India of USD 476.81 million and imports to India of USD 73.38 million. |
Other cited Nigerian figures illustrate why the reporting period matters: a separate Government of India report gives bilateral trade of USD 11.8 billion for FY 2022–23. It is neither the FY 2021–22 nor FY 2024–25 figure above.
The country totals are not directly comparable as a ranking because the South Africa figure is for FY 2023–24, while the Nigeria and Ethiopia figures are for FY 2024–25. A defensible ranking would require values for all countries from one period and a consistent country-level dataset.
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What does India trade with Africa?
The available evidence gives an overall export-import split, but not a product-by-product breakdown or sector shares for current trade. It therefore does not support claims about which commodities make up the largest portion of India–Africa trade.
Official discussions point to a broad commercial agenda. At an April 2024 India–Nigeria Joint Trade Committee meeting, officials discussed oil and natural gas, pharmaceuticals, digital payments including UPI, local-currency settlement, power and renewable energy, agriculture and food processing, education, transport, railways, aviation and micro, small and medium enterprises. These were discussion topics, not confirmed completed deals or measured trade values.
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Which sectors are priorities for future cooperation?
At a May 2026 India–Africa Business Dialogue curtain-raiser, India’s Commerce Minister identified the following as areas for future collaboration. These are stated policy priorities—not measured shares of existing bilateral trade.
- Agriculture and food processing
- Digital public infrastructure
- Healthcare and pharmaceuticals
- Renewable energy
- Critical minerals and electric mobility
- Manufacturing and defence production
- Emerging technologies
The stated ambition is to move beyond raw-material trade toward higher-value products, integrated supply chains, local manufacturing and technology-driven cooperation. That is a policy goal; the cited statement does not establish that the shift has already taken place.
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How much investment is involved?
Trade totals and investment figures measure different things. The Government of India reported that Indian businesses had invested more than USD 1.3 billion in South Africa from April 2000 through September 2024. For Ethiopia, the same government profile says more than 675 Indian companies were registered with the Ethiopian Investment Commission and reports investment above USD 6.5 billion. These are government-reported figures, not annual trade flows.
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Business forums can also indicate commercial engagement without proving investment outcomes. The Department of Commerce’s Annual Report 2024–25 records that the 19th CII India Africa Business Conclave, held in New Delhi on 20–22 August 2024, drew participants from 47 African countries and featured 380 project opportunities and more than 780 business-to-business meetings. Those are event-reported opportunities and meetings, not completed investments or trade.
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What agreements and institutions support the relationship?
India’s Department of Commerce says the Comprehensive Economic Cooperation and Partnership Agreement (CECPA) with Mauritius entered into force on 1 April 2021, describing it as India’s first trade agreement with an African country. The Department also notes engagement with the Southern African Customs Union on a preferential trade agreement; that wording does not establish that an agreement has been concluded.
The African Union’s account of the Africa–India partnership framework covers trade and industry alongside agriculture, energy, infrastructure, education and skills, health, and peace and security. It also identifies technology transfer, capacity building, political dialogue and people-to-people links as aims. The framework helps explain why economic ties include more than merchandise crossing borders.
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