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Choose a city for the work your global capability center (GCC) must do—not for a league-table ranking. A GCC is an in-house center delivering functions for a company across markets. The defensible choice is the city that can supply your specific roles at the required scale, support the operating model, meet site and continuity needs, and make financial sense after all costs and policy conditions are tested.
Start with the operating mandate, not the city list
A technology and engineering center, a finance operation, and a corporate-services team do not have the same location requirements. Before comparing cities, define what the center will own and how it will operate.
- Functions and decision rights: identify the work, seniority, and global outcomes the center will own—not just the functions it will support.
- Hiring plan: estimate headcount by role, experience level, language, and hiring date, including how quickly the team must ramp.
- Operating requirements: set time-zone coverage, travel needs, office capacity, commute expectations, and continuity requirements.
- Financial guardrails: establish a maximum total cost and the cost assumptions that matter to your business case.
A city’s reputation or total GCC count can help generate candidates for a shortlist. Neither proves that the precise skills you need are available on your timetable, or that your center will cost less there.
What current market evidence says about Indian GCC locations
India’s GCC ecosystem is growing, but the available figures describe different things. JLL reports that GCC leasing in India reached a record 31 million sq. ft. in 2025. Separately, CBRE reported that GCCs leased 29.4 million sq. ft. across India’s top nine cities in calendar 2024, equal to 37% of overall leasing activity in those cities. These are different reporting periods and measures; neither is a city-by-city comparison of hiring availability or total operating cost. JLL, February 17, 2026; CBRE, January 6, 2025.
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For another sense of scale, the STPI-hosted report summary projects the Indian GCC market to grow from US$50 billion in FY2024 to US$110 billion by FY2030. That is a forecast, not a realized FY2030 result. STPI, MeitY.
Shortlist clues by city
The specializations below are ecosystem signals identified by JLL, not guarantees that a particular company can fill its roles there. CBRE’s percentages are each city’s share of GCC leasing in October–December 2024; they are not each city’s share of India’s GCCs, workforce, or office stock.
| City or region | Evidence-backed positioning | CBRE share of GCC leasing, Oct–Dec 2024 | What to validate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bengaluru | Broad technology, engineering and manufacturing R&D, analytics, and retail operations; JLL reports more than 900 GCC units. | 34% | Role-level supply and hiring pace; suitable district, commute, and available office capacity. |
| Hyderabad | JLL identifies healthcare-biotech strength. | 20% | Availability by function and seniority; suitable space in the target district. |
| Delhi NCR | Corporate-services breadth across IT, BFSI, e-commerce/retail, healthcare, consulting, and education. | 12% | Choose and assess an NCR submarket; the region is not one uniform labor or property market. |
| Mumbai | Strategic banking and financial-services GCC activity. | 11% | Whether the financial ecosystem supports the business case alongside actual occupancy costs and commute patterns. |
| Pune | BFSI and automotive positioning. | 10% | Fit between industry, suppliers, and the company’s specific hiring profile. |
| Chennai | Listed among major GCC cities by STPI; the cited materials do not establish a sufficiently detailed current specialization comparison for every function. | 9% | Validate skills and sector fit against the center’s actual mandate. |
| Ahmedabad, Kolkata, and Kochi | JLL names them among emerging business hubs; CBRE reported their combined share. | 4% combined | Assess each city separately for leadership depth, specialized skills, site readiness, connectivity, continuity, and policy terms. |
| Jaipur, Coimbatore, and Mysuru | JLL names them among emerging business hubs. | Not stated separately in the cited CBRE October–December 2024 figures. | Verify local hiring capacity and operating readiness rather than assuming the broader Tier II case applies. |
JLL says Bengaluru has more than 900 GCC units and describes its broad technology and R&D base; Dun & Bradstreet’s 2025 report also characterizes Bengaluru as a mature technology ecosystem with talent availability. These are useful reasons to investigate it, not proof that every role is easier or cheaper to hire there. JLL, February 17, 2026; Dun & Bradstreet India, 2025.
Likewise, leasing shares measure office-market activity over a specified period. CBRE recorded 7.6 million sq. ft. of GCC leasing in October–December 2024, when GCCs represented 34% of total office leasing. That activity can signal a live market, but does not establish current rents, available space in a particular district, or the ease of hiring your target roles. CBRE, January 6, 2025.
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Compare the factors that change your business case
Role-specific talent supply and competition
Ask for evidence by job family, not a citywide talent-pool estimate. For every critical role, validate relevant experience, current compensation bands, competing employers, and expected time to hire. Test the proposed hiring ramp with local recruiters or other primary workforce diligence; a large ecosystem can still be tight for a particular specialty or seniority.
Sector and supplier ecosystem
Use city specializations to form hypotheses. For example, Hyderabad’s healthcare-biotech positioning may warrant a closer look for a related center, while Pune’s automotive positioning may be relevant to an automotive operation. Then check whether the functions, suppliers, and experienced leaders your center needs actually exist in the chosen market. A sector label by itself is not a hiring plan.
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Office availability and total occupancy cost
Compare current options in specific districts, not city averages or national leasing headlines. Build a like-for-like cost view that includes rent, fit-out, power and connectivity requirements, transport, and room to expand. The reviewed sources do not provide current, independently comparable city-by-city office rents or total occupancy costs, so obtain property-specific offers before ranking locations financially.
Connectivity, commute, and continuity
Set requirements for employee commutes, business travel, reliable power and connectivity, and continuity during disruption. Validate them at the proposed site and district. A broad city or regional label cannot establish commute patterns or site-level infrastructure.
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State incentives and eligibility
The STPI-hosted report compares GCC policies across Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh. Treat a policy benefit as conditional until the relevant state authority confirms current wording, eligibility, approval timing, and obligations. The report does not establish that a particular company qualifies, or the net value of an incentive after compliance costs. STPI, MeitY.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.A practical process for choosing a city
- Write the mandate: document functions, decision rights, target headcount, seniority mix, language and time-zone coverage, and hiring ramp.
- Set pass/fail thresholds: specify minimum role coverage, hiring lead time, acceptable attrition risk, office capacity, commute and travel needs, continuity requirements, and maximum total cost. Do not let an incentive offset failure on a mandatory requirement.
- Run a role-by-role talent test: collect current supply, experience, compensation bands, hiring competition, and expected time to fill for each critical job family.
- Request site-specific property options: compare suitable districts, full occupancy costs, connectivity and power requirements, transport, and expansion capacity.
- Verify policy terms directly: check the applicable state policy and confirm eligibility, approvals, timing, and obligations with the relevant authority before counting an incentive.
- Test a second-city scenario: compare geographic diversification and access to additional talent pools with the extra coordination and leadership needed to operate across sites.
- Score the remaining choices using company-specific weights: weight the criteria according to the mandate, then confirm the leading option through workforce, property, legal, tax, and policy diligence.
When to consider a Tier II city or a second site
JLL reports that Tier II cities may offer 10–35% cost savings while providing access to new talent pools, and says more than 90% of current GCC activity is concentrated in Tier I cities. The savings range is a reported estimate, not a like-for-like guarantee for your company; JLL’s activity figure is not a share of employees or office space. The city named as an emerging hub also needs to be tested against your own operating requirements. JLL, February 17, 2026.
A Tier II location may merit diligence where suitable skills and leadership are available and the site can meet service and continuity needs. It may also complement a larger hub by distributing selected roles. Compare the potential cost and talent benefits with the real coordination, travel, management, and continuity requirements of a multi-city footprint. Do not assume that a second site is automatically cheaper or simpler.
Use comparable numbers—and label what they measure
GCC counts, units, employee totals, office area, and leasing shares are different denominators. Zinnov’s FY2026 report page says it covers 2,117 GCCs across 3,728 units, with data as of March 2026. Those counts should not be compared directly with CBRE’s leasing area or quarterly city shares. Zinnov-Nasscom, FY2026.
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For a financial decision, keep each figure attached to its source, period, geography, and unit. Market activity can help identify locations worth investigating; it cannot replace current, company-specific evidence on salaries, hiring speed, property costs, commutes, infrastructure, and incentive eligibility.
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