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Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Start with the date you need the money: choose a Treasury bill whose actual maturity date falls on or before that date, with enough time for the proceeds to reach where you need them. If your plans are uncertain, keep that money in a shorter maturity or divide it among bills that mature on different dates. A bill is not a cash account you can necessarily tap at will.
How Treasury bill maturities work
Treasury bills are short-term U.S. government securities offered in 4-, 6-, 8-, 13-, 17-, 26-, and 52-week terms. Treasury sells them at a discount or at face value; at maturity, the holder receives face value. The difference between the purchase price and face value is interest, paid at maturity. The rate is set at auction for each bill. See the U.S. Treasury’s Treasury bills overview and pricing and interest-rate guide.
A maturity date is when the security pays out—not a promise that the funds will be immediately usable in every account. A bill that matures after a planned payment date misses that cash deadline unless you sell it early. A shorter bill returns the money sooner and lets you decide again what to do with it; a longer bill keeps it invested for longer. If you repeatedly buy short bills, the rate on each later purchase will depend on that future auction, so it is not known today.
Choose a maturity by working backward from the cash date
- Write down the date and amount. Identify when the expense is due and how much must be available. If the date is approximate, plan around the earliest plausible date.
- Separate money that must stay liquid. Keep emergency funds and cash needed before the bill matures outside the amount committed to that bill.
- Compare actual maturity dates with your deadline. Pick a term that matures by the cash date, not merely one whose week-count sounds close. Allow time for weekends, bank processing, and any transfer from the account holding the bill. Treasury bills are sold at auction, so check the specific auction and maturity dates on the Treasury bills page before buying.
- Stagger funds if needs fall on different dates. You can divide the money among bills with different maturities so that proceeds become available in stages. This is a cash-flow planning approach, not a guarantee of a better return.
- Check where the bill is held and where the proceeds go. Confirm the account’s payment destination, any reinvestment setting, and any intermediary requirements or charges before placing the order.
Compare the practical trade-offs
| Consideration | What it means for your choice |
|---|---|
| Certainty of the cash date | For a firm deadline, choose a bill maturing before it and leave a practical buffer. If plans could change, favor an earlier maturity or keep some funds uncommitted. |
| Liquidity and account location | A TreasuryDirect-held security is subject to a 45-day hold before transfer or sale. Since a 4-week bill matures in less than 45 days, it cannot be sold or transferred before maturity while held there. A bank or broker may have different procedures; check its terms. |
| Rate certainty | A bill’s auction rate is fixed for that bill’s term. Rolling shorter bills means later purchases get rates set at later auctions, which are not known in advance. Choose based on your cash date and comfort with that uncertainty, not a prediction that one term will outperform. |
| Auction schedule and purchase size | Regular 4-, 6-, 8-, 13-, 17-, and 26-week bills are auctioned weekly; 52-week bills are auctioned every four weeks. TreasuryDirect lists a $100 minimum and purchases in $100 increments. Verify the live calendar and account rules before committing. |
| Taxes | TreasuryDirect says bill interest is federally taxable and exempt from state and local taxes. Individual tax circumstances can affect reporting; this general treatment is not personalized tax advice. |
Know the limits of early sale
Treasury says a marketable security can be held to maturity or sold before maturity, but an early sale must be arranged through a bank, broker, or dealer. TreasuryDirect-held securities must remain in the account for 45 days before sale or transfer. If you sell through a financial institution, the amount you receive can differ from the amount you would receive by holding to maturity, depending on market price and transaction terms. It is not the same as withdrawing cash on demand. See TreasuryDirect’s guidance on selling a Treasury marketable security and Treasury marketable securities.
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Confirm maturity proceeds and reinvestment settings
TreasuryDirect says that if a holder has not selected reinvestment, the maturity value is automatically paid on the maturity date to the account’s Certificate of Indebtedness or designated bank account. Before purchase, verify the destination and whether reinvestment is enabled so the proceeds are available as intended. See TreasuryDirect’s redemption guidance.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How the discount translates into interest
Treasury’s published formula is: price = face value × (1 − (discount rate × time) / 360). As an illustration—not a current rate quote—Treasury gives the example of a $1,000 26-week bill at a 0.145% discount rate costing $999.27 and paying $1,000 at maturity, a $0.73 difference. The example is not assigned a publication year. See Treasury’s pricing guide for the formula and illustration.
Terms, auction dates, rates, and account procedures can change. Check Treasury’s current auction calendar and the rules of the account or intermediary you will use before making a purchase.
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