Red Trail Energy’s milestone was the issuance of verified carbon-removal credits—not merely a plan to capture emissions. On March 5, 2024, Red Trail Energy and Puro.earth announced that more than 150,000 CO₂ Removal Certificates (CORCs) tied to the North Dakota ethanol plant’s bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) project had been issued on the Puro Registry. The announcement called it the first ethanol production facility to generate CORCs in the voluntary carbon market. That is a dated claim, not a claim about the market’s current record.
What Red Trail Energy announced in 2024
Red Trail Energy (RTE) operates a corn-ethanol facility near Richardton, North Dakota. In its March 5, 2024 announcement with Puro.earth, the company said more than 150,000 CORCs had been issued for the first 14 months of the facility’s BECCS operation. Puro.earth CEO Antti Vihavainen described the issuance at the time as the largest durable carbon-removal credit issuance to date in the voluntary carbon market; the ranking is his announcement-era characterization, not an independently established current record. The joint announcement said the credits would be offered through RTE’s marketing arm, RPMG.
The announcement also described a plant with annual ethanol capacity of 64 million gallons and estimated annual CO₂ output of 180,000 tons. Those facility figures are not the same as the number of CORCs issued: a plant’s estimated output, carbon captured or stored, credits issued, and credits sold are different measures.
How an ethanol plant turns captured CO₂ into credits
Fermentation produces biogenic CO₂ as part of making ethanol. RTE’s project captures that CO₂ and injects it onsite into a permitted Class VI well about 6,500 feet below the facility, according to the 2024 announcement. The company registered the project under Puro’s Geologically Stored Carbon Methodology.
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- Capture: CO₂ from ethanol fermentation is separated and captured at the plant.
- Store: The captured CO₂ is injected into the onsite geological storage well.
- Verify: Independent verification examined requirements including feedstock sustainability, permanence of sequestration, and financial additionality.
- Issue and track: After verification, CORCs were issued on the Puro Registry. The announcement said the registry records a certificate’s lifecycle from issuance through retirement.
Puro’s framework, as described in the release, states that its issued CORCs indicate more than 1,000 years of carbon-storage durability. This is the durability claim attached to the crediting framework; it should not be read as a guarantee that every storage project has identical geology or risk.
Why additionality matters to the project’s financing
A carbon credit is not simply a receipt for every ton stored. For this project, verification included financial additionality: whether the prospect of carbon-market revenue was material to making the capture-and-storage investment viable. In a March 2024 Successful Farming report, CEO Jodi Johnson said low-carbon fuel markets had been a goal, but expected returns took longer and proved more difficult than anticipated; she described voluntary-market participation as important to the project’s success.
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That helps explain the financial role of voluntary carbon markets. Revenue from credit sales can diversify a producer’s income and help support investment in equipment and storage infrastructure. EcoEngineers’ David LaGreca characterized the market’s value in this case as providing producers with market options and reducing revenue risk through diversification, making projects more investable. This is project-specific context, not a rule that every ethanol CCS facility qualifies or that credits will reliably cover its costs. Successful Farming also noted that eligibility needs to be assessed for each project and may change as the market changes.
Keep the different carbon figures separate
Several figures associated with RTE and its later owner describe different periods or accounting measures. They should not be combined as though they all count the same thing.
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| Figure | What it describes | Source and qualification |
|---|---|---|
| More than 150,000 CORCs | Certificates issued for the first 14 months of BECCS operation | RTE and Puro.earth announcement, March 5, 2024 |
| More than 247,000 tons of CO₂ | CO₂ reported sequestered since June 2022 | Company claim reported by Successful Farming in 2024; stored tons are not the same measure as certificates issued |
| 173,000 metric tons of carbon-removal credits | Credits produced during 2025 by the operation later called Gevo North Dakota | Gevo’s company-reported 2025 figure in its March 5, 2026 results |
| More than 500,000 metric tons | Carbon removal reported since the CCS asset started in 2022 | Gevo’s company-reported figure in its 2026 results |
| Approximately 140,000 tons of CO₂ credits monetized | Credits Gevo said were monetized through low-carbon fuel and voluntary markets, with additional credits held as inventory | Gevo’s 2026 report; the statement concerns the later operation and does not specify that this is the 2024 CORC issuance |
What changed after Red Trail Energy’s first issuance
Gevo reported that it closed on and integrated its acquisition of substantially all RTE assets on January 31, 2025, and referred to the operation as Gevo North Dakota. In its March 5, 2026 results, Gevo reported the later carbon-credit and removal figures above, and said Puro.earth certified its CCS asset and well as a thousand-year permanence well. These are subsequent company-reported updates; they do not revise the scope or date of RTE’s 2024 issuance. Gevo’s acquisition listing also appears in the Gevo North Dakota company archive.
Neither the 2024 announcement nor the cited later company report establishes a current price, buyer, inventory balance, or purchasing route for RTE/Gevo North Dakota CORCs. RPMG was named as the marketing route in the original announcement, but that alone does not establish that credits remain available today.
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What this milestone does—and does not—show
RTE’s announcement documents one route by which an ethanol facility can turn fermentation CO₂ into verified removal credits: capture it, store it geologically, meet a crediting methodology’s verification requirements, and issue certificates on a registry. It also illustrates why credit-market revenue can matter to project economics when other low-carbon fuel revenue is slower or less certain than expected.
It does not establish a like-for-like comparison with other ethanol CCS projects. Comparing facilities responsibly would require consistent information about CO₂ source and capture point, onsite versus third-party storage, permits and permanence evidence, verification method, additionality, registry tracking, and whether reported figures mean tons captured, stored, credited, issued, or sold.
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