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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchIn India, a co-lending gold loan is funded by two regulated lenders under an agreement that sets each lender’s share, roles, and risk. One lender may originate and service your loan while a partner funds part of it, but the exact setup varies. Under the Reserve Bank of India’s Co-Lending Arrangements Directions, 2025, each participating lender must keep at least 10% of each individual loan on its own books. Your loan agreement and Key Fact Statement (KFS) identify the lenders and explain who services the account, where to pay, what you owe, and how your pledged gold can be released or auctioned.
What co-lending means for a gold-loan borrower
Co-lending is a funding partnership between regulated lenders—not a separate kind of gold collateral. The RBI’s Co-Lending Arrangements Directions, 2025 define it as an arrangement agreed in advance between an originating regulated entity and a partner regulated entity to jointly fund a portfolio of secured or unsecured loans in pre-agreed proportions, with revenue and risk shared.
For a gold-backed loan, you pledge eligible jewellery, ornaments, or coins as collateral. The lenders agree beforehand how to fund the loan and divide responsibilities. The lender that deals with you may not be the only lender funding it, and the institution that sends the disbursement may not be the only one with a share recorded on its books.
The directions require each lender to retain at least 10% of every individual loan. They do not set one standard percentage split between a bank and an NBFC, nor do they require every partnership to use the same servicing or disbursement process.
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Who lends you the money?
There can be more than one lender of record. One entity may originate the application and manage your customer relationship; another may fund its agreed share. Depending on the arrangement, one lender may send the full disbursement and settle the partner’s share later, or the lenders may each disburse their portions.
So “who gives me the money?” can mean the lender that approves and documents the loan, the lender that funds a share, the entity that transfers money to your account, or the servicer that handles payments and questions. Those functions can belong to different entities. Do not identify your lender solely from a branch sign, app, or brand name.
Find each lender’s role in your documents
Before accepting, use the signed loan agreement and KFS to identify the originating lender and any partner lender, the entity servicing the account, and the permitted payment channel. Check account statements and lender communications as well. Confirm where to direct servicing questions and how you will receive payment receipts.
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The disbursement sequence can vary. An RBI FAQ on the earlier co-lending model describes two possibilities: an NBFC may disburse the full amount and later approach the bank for its share, or each lender may disburse its portion. In the back-to-back example, the NBFC opens its loan account first and the bank opens its account afterward. Treat this as an explanation of possible mechanics under the earlier model, not as a rule that overrides the 2025 Directions.
How the arrangement works, from application to disbursement
- The lenders agree on funding and responsibilities. The originating lender and partner set their funding proportions in advance and share revenue and risk. Each must retain at least 10% of each individual loan on its own books under the 2025 Directions.
- The originating lender handles the application. It may source and process your application, assess you, and serve as your main contact. The agreement determines the actual division of work; do not assume every co-lending partnership uses the same roles.
- The gold is assayed and valued. For eligible gold-backed consumption loans, valuation is based on the intrinsic value of the gold content at its actual purity—not the value of stones or other non-gold additions. The lender records the collateral details and assessed value.
- The loan is documented and funded. Review the lender names, loan amount, charges, interest, repayment schedule, and collateral terms in your agreement and KFS. The lenders then disburse according to their arrangement, which may use one transfer or separate lender transfers.
- You repay through the stated channel. Follow the payment instructions in your documents, keep receipts, and use the named servicer for account questions. The co-lending arrangement does not remove your obligation to repay.
Gold-loan limits and how the collateral is valued
The RBI’s Lending Against Gold and Silver Collateral Directions, 2025 set maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratios for consumption loans against eligible gold or silver collateral. The tier is based on the borrower’s total consumption-loan amount against eligible collateral.
| Total consumption-loan amount | Maximum LTV |
|---|---|
| ₹2.5 lakh or less | 85% |
| Above ₹2.5 lakh and up to ₹5 lakh | 80% |
| Above ₹5 lakh | 75% |
These are regulatory ceilings, not promised offers: a lender can offer a lower amount, and must maintain the applicable LTV throughout the loan. When the total loan against eligible collateral is above ₹2.5 lakh, the lender must also conduct a detailed credit assessment, including an assessment of repayment capacity. The figures and thresholds come from the RBI’s 2025 directions, in the version updated September 29, 2025.
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The rules cover eligible jewellery, ornaments, and coins; primary gold and gold-backed financial assets are restricted, and a lender may not provide a loan for purchasing gold. Since collateral valuation depends on published prices and the gold’s purity, do not treat a general rupee-per-gram figure as a guaranteed loan value.
Check the assay and collateral record
Be present while the collateral is assayed. Check that the certificate and receipt record the purity, gross weight, net gold content, deductions, and assessed value. Ask the lender to explain deductions for stones, lac, alloy, fastenings, or other non-gold material, and ensure the collateral description matches what you handed over.
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Read the loan agreement and KFS together. The RBI’s gold-collateral directions require clear documentation of collateral and applicable charges. Confirm the following before you accept:
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- The legal names of the originating lender and any co-lending partner, and which entity services the account.
- The interest rate, total charges, applicable fees, repayment dates, and payment channel.
- The gold description, assay details, valuation, and deductions, as shown on the receipt and certificate.
- Any assay or auction-related charges and how they apply.
- Repayment, renewal, default, collateral release, auction notice, and auction procedures, including how any surplus or shortfall is handled.
Repayment, release, and what happens after default
After full repayment or settlement, the lender must release or return the pledged collateral on the same day where possible and no later than seven working days. If a delay beyond that deadline is attributable to the lender, the RBI’s 2025 directions require compensation of ₹5,000 for each day of delay. If the delay is outside the lender’s control, the lender must communicate the reason.
If you do not repay, the lender may auction the collateral after following the applicable notice and transparent-auction process. Your agreement should explain the triggers and notice process, as well as how the lender handles any auction surplus or shortfall. Co-lending does not remove your repayment obligation or eliminate the risk to your pledged gold.
What the current RBI framework covers
The RBI issued the Co-Lending Arrangements Directions, 2025 on August 6, 2025. They took effect on January 1, 2026, or an earlier date chosen by a regulated entity under its internal policy. They apply to specified commercial banks (excluding Small Finance Banks, Local Area Banks, and Regional Rural Banks), all-India financial institutions, and NBFCs, including housing finance companies. The directions provide transition treatment for existing arrangements and arrangements made before their effective date. Digital lending arrangements must also comply with the RBI’s Digital Lending Directions.
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The RBI issued its Lending Against Gold and Silver Collateral Directions, 2025 on June 6, 2025; the version consulted for this article was updated September 29, 2025.
A published partnership is not proof of a gold-loan co-lending product
In an October 19, 2023 disclosure, Central Bank of India described an MSME co-lending partnership with Capri Global Capital. The bank said Capri Global would originate and process MSME proposals under jointly formulated credit criteria, the bank would book 80% of those MSME loans, and Capri Global would service the accounts. The disclosure also identified Capri Global as an NBFC that provides gold loans among other products. It does not say that the partnership offers retail gold-loan co-lending. Its 80% bank share is specific to the described MSME arrangement and should not be used as a template for gold loans.
Compare the terms that affect you
If you are evaluating gold-loan offers, compare the actual borrower-facing terms rather than assuming a standard lender split. Focus on:
Quick Recap
- The named lenders and each entity’s role.
- Total annualized cost and fees.
- The loan amount relative to the assessed gold value.
- Repayment schedule and renewal terms.
- The servicer and payment channel.
- Collateral custody and release process.
- Default notices and auction conditions.
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