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Short answer: On April 2, 2025, President Donald Trump announced a 10% additional tariff on most imports, along with higher country-specific rates for 57 entries in the official Annex I list. Those listed rates ranged from 11% to 50%.
Current status: These are not the current tariffs
The original April 2025 tariffs were imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, or IEEPA. They were terminated by Executive Order 14389 on February 20, 2026. The same day, the Supreme Court held in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump and V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. Trump that IEEPA does not authorize the president to impose tariffs. As of August 10, 2026, the list below should be treated as a historical record—not as a current customs schedule. Tariffs imposed under other authorities, including Sections 232 and 301, were not automatically eliminated.
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This is the complete original Annex I list, followed by an explanation of what the percentages meant, which countries and products were treated differently, how the administration calculated the rates, and what happened afterward.
What the April 2, 2025 announcement did
Executive Order 14257 created two main layers of additional duties:
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- A 10% baseline additional tariff that took effect at 12:01 a.m. EDT on April 5, 2025, for most imports from most trading partners.
- Higher country- or trading-partner-specific rates that were scheduled to take effect at 12:01 a.m. EDT on April 9, 2025, for the entries listed in Annex I.
The Annex I rate generally replaced the 10% baseline rate for that listed entry. It was not normally added on top of the 10% reciprocal rate. The announcement called the policy “reciprocal,” but the rates were not a literal country-by-country mirror of foreign tariff schedules.
The full original Annex I list
The official document contains 57 listed entries. News reports often call them “57 countries,” but that shorthand is imperfect: the table includes the European Union as a bloc and the Falkland Islands as a separate listed entry, in addition to countries and other jurisdictions.
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| Country or listed entry | Additional rate |
|---|---|
| Algeria | 30% |
| Angola | 32% |
| Bangladesh | 37% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 35% |
| Botswana | 37% |
| Brunei | 24% |
| Cambodia | 49% |
| Cameroon | 11% |
| Chad | 13% |
| China | 34% |
| Côte d’Ivoire | 21% |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 11% |
| Equatorial Guinea | 13% |
| European Union | 20% |
| Falkland Islands | 41% |
| Fiji | 32% |
| Guyana | 38% |
| India | 26% |
| Indonesia | 32% |
| Iraq | 39% |
| Israel | 17% |
| Japan | 24% |
| Jordan | 20% |
| Kazakhstan | 27% |
| Laos | 48% |
| Lesotho | 50% |
| Libya | 31% |
| Liechtenstein | 37% |
| Madagascar | 47% |
| Malawi | 17% |
| Malaysia | 24% |
| Mauritius | 40% |
| Moldova | 31% |
| Mozambique | 16% |
| Myanmar (Burma) | 44% |
| Namibia | 21% |
| Nauru | 30% |
| Nicaragua | 18% |
| Nigeria | 14% |
| North Macedonia | 33% |
| Norway | 15% |
| Pakistan | 29% |
| Philippines | 17% |
| Serbia | 37% |
| South Africa | 30% |
| South Korea | 25% |
| Sri Lanka | 44% |
| Switzerland | 31% |
| Syria | 41% |
| Taiwan | 32% |
| Thailand | 36% |
| Tunisia | 28% |
| Vanuatu | 22% |
| Venezuela | 15% |
| Vietnam | 46% |
| Zambia | 17% |
| Zimbabwe | 18% |
Source: official White House Annex I PDF. These were the additional rates announced on April 2, 2025, before later modifications.
What the percentages actually meant
They were additional ad valorem duties
An ad valorem duty is calculated as a percentage of the customs value of imported merchandise. For example, if a qualifying product had a customs value of $10,000 and the applicable additional rate were 20%, that additional charge would be $2,000 before considering any other duties, fees, exemptions or special rules.
That does not mean the importer’s total customs bill would necessarily equal 20% of the product’s retail price or invoice price. The final amount could also depend on the product’s tariff classification, ordinary Harmonized Tariff Schedule duty, country-of-origin rules, trade agreements, tariff-rate quotas and other trade remedies.
The Annex I rate generally replaced the 10% baseline
For a listed entry, the country-specific percentage was generally the additional reciprocal rate used instead of the 10% baseline. Thus, China’s original Annex I rate was 34% additional, not automatically 44% because of the separate 10% baseline.
That 34% figure also was not necessarily the product’s total duty. Existing ordinary duties and other applicable measures could still matter, while some categories were expressly excluded from the reciprocal tariff or handled under a different regime.
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The administration used “reciprocal” to describe its effort to respond to foreign tariffs and other policies it said disadvantaged U.S. exporters. Its stated considerations included value-added taxes, currency practices, non-tariff barriers, regulations, subsidies and persistent bilateral trade deficits.
But the country-specific rates were not a direct survey showing that each foreign government charged the United States the same percentage. A Congressional Research Service analysis described the country-specific calculation as:
2024 bilateral trade deficit ÷ 2024 U.S. imports from that country ÷ 2
In other words, the administration treated the bilateral goods-trade deficit as a proxy for the combined effect of tariffs and non-tariff barriers. A 50% U.S. rate in the Annex I table therefore does not prove that the affected trading partner imposed a 100% tariff on U.S. goods, or that it charged a particular tariff rate at all.
The administration’s later U.S. Trade Representative technical paper described a related model based on the tariff theoretically needed to eliminate bilateral trade deficits. That model used 2024 U.S. Census trade data and assumptions including an import-demand elasticity of 4 and tariff pass-through of 0.25. Those are policy-modeling choices, not measurements of every foreign country’s published tariff schedule.
What happened to countries not listed in Annex I?
Not being in Annex I did not necessarily mean that imports from a country faced no new tariff. The April 2 policy had three broad categories:
- Annex I entries: The listed additional rates, ranging from 11% to 50%, subject to later changes and exceptions.
- Most other trading partners: Generally the 10% baseline additional tariff.
- Countries or products covered by separate rules: Items subject to other tariff orders, Column 2 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule, Section 232 measures or the order’s product exclusions were treated separately.
For that reason, it is too broad to say that every country received exactly a 10% tariff or that every imported product from an unlisted country received the same treatment.
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Canada and Mexico were handled separately
Canada and Mexico did not appear in the April 2 Annex I country-specific table because the administration said their existing fentanyl- and migration-related tariff orders were unaffected.
The White House’s April 2 fact sheet described the policy snapshot at that time as:
- USMCA-compliant goods: 0%;
- non-USMCA-compliant goods: 25%; and
- non-USMCA-compliant energy and potash: 10%.
Those figures described the policy environment on April 2, 2025. They should not be used as the current Canada or Mexico tariff regime. See the White House fact sheet for the administration’s description of the original treatment.
Why Russia, Belarus, Cuba and North Korea were absent
The more authoritative legal explanation is that the order excluded articles from trading partners subject to Column 2 rates in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule. Contemporary administration officials also said that existing sanctions and high tariff treatment meant Russia, Belarus, Cuba and North Korea did not need to appear in the Annex I chart. The relevant exclusion appears in the original executive order.
Products excluded or treated separately
The reciprocal rates did not apply indiscriminately to every product. The White House identified exclusions and separate treatment for:
- Articles covered by the informational-materials and donation provisions of 50 U.S.C. §1702(b);
- steel and aluminum articles already subject to Section 232 tariffs;
- automobiles and automotive parts already subject to Section 232 tariffs;
- copper;
- pharmaceuticals;
- semiconductors;
- lumber;
- certain critical minerals;
- bullion;
- certain energy products and minerals unavailable in the United States;
- goods from Column 2 countries; and
- products that later became subject to Section 232 action.
The complete product treatment was not just a list of broad categories. Annex II contains a 37-page list of HTSUS subheadings. Its descriptions are informational; the formal Harmonized Tariff Schedule language controls. The official Annex III contains the formal tariff-treatment and HTSUS implementation rules.
Timeline: what changed after April 2?
| Date | What happened |
|---|---|
| April 2, 2025 | Trump signed Executive Order 14257. It established the 10% baseline and announced higher Annex I rates. |
| April 5, 2025 | The 10% baseline additional rate became effective at 12:01 a.m. EDT. |
| April 9–10, 2025 | Executive Order 14266 suspended enforcement of the higher country-specific rates for most listed partners for 90 days, leaving most countries at the 10% rate beginning April 10. China was treated separately after retaliation and further U.S. action. |
| May 2025 | After U.S.-China negotiations, the administration temporarily reduced the China rate from the much higher level that had followed the April escalation. |
| July–August 2025 | The country-specific pause was extended and then replaced by revised country rates. Executive Order 14326 set new country-specific rates effective August 7, 2025. |
| February 20, 2026 | Executive Order 14389 ended the IEEPA additional ad valorem duties, including the duties imposed under Executive Order 14257. The Supreme Court separately held that IEEPA does not authorize presidential tariffs. |
For a fuller account of the April and later 2025 changes, see the Congressional Research Service tariff-actions timeline. The later 2025 rates should not be mixed into a table intended to reproduce the original April 2 announcement.
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Are the “Liberation Day” tariffs still in effect?
No—not the original IEEPA tariffs. Executive Order 14389, signed on February 20, 2026, ended the additional ad valorem duties imposed under IEEPA, including those created by the April 2, 2025 order. The order preserved tariffs imposed under other legal authorities, including Section 232 and Section 301.
The Supreme Court’s February 20 opinion in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump and V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. Trump held that IEEPA does not authorize the president to impose tariffs. That decision did not erase every U.S. tariff imposed under every statute.
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A separate 10% temporary import surcharge was imposed under Section 122 beginning February 24, 2026. The related proclamation stated that it would run through July 24, 2026 unless Congress extended it. As of August 10, 2026, readers should not assume that surcharge continued without a newer official extension. It was a separate 2026 measure, not a continuation of the April 2025 Annex I tariff. The Section 122 proclamation contains its stated terms.
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The importer generally pays customs duty
A foreign government does not send a check to the U.S. Treasury for a U.S. import tariff. The immediate legal payer is generally the importer of record, which pays the duty when the goods enter the United States. The economic impact can then be distributed through prices, supplier margins, wages, exchange rates and supply-chain decisions. The U.S. Customs and Border Protection explanation of customs duties describes them as tariffs or taxes imposed on goods transported across international borders.
Shipping country is not necessarily country of origin
The applicable country treatment generally turns on the product’s country of origin, tariff classification and applicable trade rules—not simply the country from which a package was shipped. Substantial-transformation rules can affect origin, and transshipment intended to evade duties can trigger enforcement. A package routed through a third country is not automatically treated as a product of that country. The Congressional Research Service overview of country-of-origin rules provides additional background.
Do not simply add the Annex I rate to every other tariff
The total amount could involve ordinary most-favored-nation duty, a free-trade agreement, Section 232 tariffs, Section 301 tariffs, antidumping or countervailing duties, fees, quotas and other rules. The April 2 order expressly excluded some Section 232 products from the reciprocal tariff, while other duties could remain applicable.
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Low-value online orders were a separate issue
De minimis treatment for low-value shipments changed separately during 2025 and 2026. CBP stated that, effective August 29, 2025, imported goods valued at or below $800 generally lost duty-free de minimis treatment, subject to specified exceptions and later changes. That development should not be confused with the April 2 country list. See CBP’s de minimis guidance before applying any low-value-shipment rule.
Refunds are not automatically guaranteed
The Supreme Court ruling and the termination order do not, by themselves, mean every importer automatically receives a refund. Importers may need to distinguish among unliquidated entries, liquidated entries, protests, post-summary corrections, court proceedings and any specific CBP instructions or refund mechanism.
CBP has general procedures for refunds of overpaid customs duties, taxes and fees, including ACH refunds. That general guidance is not the same as a definitive procedure for recovering every duty collected under IEEPA. Importers should review the status of each entry and use current CBP refund guidance rather than assuming that a refund is automatic.
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The bottom line on the original list
The April 2, 2025 policy consisted of a 10% baseline for most imports, higher additional rates for 57 Annex I entries, and numerous product- and country-specific exceptions. The rates were an administration-created proxy based largely on bilateral trade deficits—not a verified schedule of tariffs charged by foreign governments.
Most importantly, the original IEEPA duties are no longer in force as of August 10, 2026. Use this table to understand the historical “Liberation Day” announcement, not to determine the duty on a current shipment. Current treatment requires checking the applicable HTSUS provisions, CBP guidance and any surviving tariff measures imposed under other authorities.
Frequently Asked Questions
Did every country receive a 10% tariff on April 2, 2025?
No. The 10% rate was a baseline for most imports from most trading partners. The 57 Annex I entries were assigned higher additional rates, while Canada and Mexico, Column 2 countries, Section 232 products and other excluded or separately regulated goods received different treatment.
Was China’s 34% rate the total tariff on Chinese goods?
No. The 34% figure was China’s original April 2, 2025 Annex I additional rate. It was not necessarily the total customs duty, and it was later modified. Product classification, ordinary duties and other applicable trade measures could also affect the final amount.
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Generally, no. The importer of record pays the customs duty when goods enter the United States. The broader economic burden may be distributed through prices, supplier margins and other market effects, but the foreign government does not directly pay the U.S. Treasury.
Can importers automatically get back duties paid under the April 2025 tariffs?
Do not assume so. Refund eligibility and procedures can depend on whether an entry is liquidated, whether a protest or correction was filed, court proceedings and any CBP instructions or refund mechanism. General CBP refund guidance is not an automatic IEEPA-refund guarantee.
The Bottom Line
Bottom line: The April 2, 2025 “Liberation Day” list contained 57 official Annex I entries with additional rates of 11% to 50%, alongside a 10% baseline for most other imports. Those original IEEPA tariffs ended on February 20, 2026, so the list is historical and should not be used as a current tariff schedule.
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