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GST compliance for an Indian e-commerce seller depends on what you sell, how you sell it, your turnover and registration status, and whether a marketplace is facilitating sales for you. A low turnover alone does not settle whether registration is required. Once registered, you must issue the appropriate sales document, report outward supplies, and follow the return schedule that applies to you.
Do e-commerce sellers have to register for GST?
Not in every case, and not simply according to a single turnover threshold. The answer can depend on whether you sell goods or services, whether the supply is taxable or exempt, whether sales are intra-state or inter-state, and whether an e-commerce operator facilitates the transaction and is required to collect tax at source (TCS) under section 52.
CBIC’s sectoral FAQ describes the general statutory framework: a supplier selling through an e-commerce operator required to collect section 52 TCS does not get the ordinary threshold exemption, and the FAQ says such a supplier must register. However, the FAQ does not establish every later notification-based exception for some unregistered goods suppliers. Do not treat its older answer as proof that no exception exists today—or assume that low turnover automatically makes you exempt. Check the current notification and its conditions for your specific goods, location, and sales route, or consult a GST practitioner before relying on an exception.
| Situation to check | Why it matters |
|---|---|
| Goods or services; taxable or exempt | These affect registration analysis and which sales document applies. |
| Marketplace facilitating sales for you | Check whether the operator falls within the section 52 TCS framework and whether a current registration exception applies to your category. |
| Your own website and your own products | CBIC’s FAQ says this is not a section 52 TCS collection situation for sales of your own products. That answer concerns TCS, not whether GST registration or tax is required for the sales. |
| Intra-state or inter-state supply | Supply location can affect the registration analysis and how consumer supplies are reported. |
| Specific exemption claimed | Confirm the current notification’s eligibility conditions rather than relying on turnover alone or an older FAQ. |
CBIC’s FAQ also distinguishes an operator facilitating supplies by other sellers from an operator selling only its own products through its own site. The latter, it says, does not collect section 52 TCS on those own-account sales. This distinction is about the operator’s TCS role; it does not remove a seller’s separate GST obligations.
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How do you apply for GST registration?
Registration applications are submitted electronically through the GST Common Portal. Under the registration rules, Part A of Form REG-01 asks for the applicant’s PAN, mobile number, email address, and State or Union Territory. Use the current portal instructions and the business’s actual details when completing the application.
- Open the GST Common Portal and begin the registration application using the current registration workflow.
- Complete Part A of REG-01 with the PAN, mobile number, email address, and State or Union Territory declarations required by the rules.
- Continue through the live portal’s instructions for the rest of the application and any verification or supporting information it requires.
The initial declarations above are not a complete application checklist: follow the current portal workflow for the remaining steps, which can depend on the applicant and business.
What does marketplace TCS mean for the seller?
Under the section 52 mechanism described in CBIC’s FAQ, an applicable e-commerce operator collects TCS on the net value of taxable supplies made through it, after reducing the amount by taxable supplies returned during that month. The operator’s collection does not replace the seller’s invoicing, outward-supply reporting, or other tax responsibilities.
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For seller-side reporting, the GST Portal’s GSTR-1 guidance includes categories for e-commerce-operator-related supplies, and its return creation guide describes the relevant reporting tables. Reconcile the marketplace’s transaction and settlement information with your own invoices and records before filing; do not assume that a platform statement is itself your return.
Which invoice or sales document should you issue?
CBIC’s FAQ says registered persons making taxable supplies generally issue a tax invoice. Composition taxpayers and suppliers of exempt supplies use a bill of supply. The right document therefore depends on your GST status and the nature of the supply, not simply on whether an order came from a marketplace or your own storefront.
The GST Portal’s GSTR-1 workflow uses invoice and recipient details, including invoice number, date, invoice value, and supply information, and also supports credit and debit note reporting. Keep the records needed to match those reported figures to the underlying transactions.
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Reconcile sales before you report them
Compare platform orders and settlement statements with issued invoices, fulfillment records, cancellations, refunds, returns, and any credit or debit notes. This practical check helps catch differences between the sale recorded on the platform and the outward supplies reported in your return; the specific recordkeeping process can be adapted to your business.
What returns do you file, and when is GSTR-1 due?
GSTR-1 is the monthly or quarterly statement of outward supplies for applicable normal and casual registered taxpayers. The GST Portal says it must be filed even when there has been no business activity in the tax period, subject to the taxpayer category and applicable law.
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| GSTR-1 filing frequency | Ordinary due date stated in the GST Portal guide | Qualification |
|---|---|---|
| Monthly | 11th of the succeeding month | The government may extend a due date by notification; check the live calendar for the tax period. |
| Quarterly | 13th after the quarter-end | The government may extend a due date by notification; check the live calendar for the tax period. |
The GST Portal guide says taxpayers with preceding-year turnover up to ₹5 crore, and newly registered taxpayers expecting aggregate turnover up to ₹5 crore, may opt for quarterly GSTR-1 and GSTR-3B subject to conditions. Under the QRMP scheme, returns are filed quarterly while tax is paid monthly through challan. Confirm current eligibility and the option shown in your portal account rather than assuming that turnover alone qualifies you.
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The ordinary GSTR-1 dates above are those stated in the GST Portal guide accessed in 2026, not a guarantee for every filing period. The portal’s guide allows for extensions, so consult the live return calendar and applicable notifications. The current GSTR-3B deadline and full monthly-payment procedure are not specified here; check the portal calendar for your category and period.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How do you report consumer sales and HSN details?
Return tables and instructions can change by tax period. The GST Portal’s GSTR-1 creation guide says that from the August 2024 tax period, qualifying inter-state B2C invoices above ₹1 lakh are reported as B2C Large. Corresponding lower-value inter-state and intra-state consumer supplies are handled in consolidated B2C reporting. Apply the rule to the relevant tax period and use the portal’s live instructions to confirm the correct table.
The same guide notes that from the May 2025 tax period, the HSN summary has separate B2B and B2C tabs. When preparing a return, use the interface and instructions for that filing period instead of carrying forward an older table layout.
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E-invoicing is a separate question from marketplace onboarding. Official Invoice Registration Portal guidance states that the B2B e-invoice mandate threshold was lowered to aggregate annual turnover of ₹5 crore from 1 August 2023, subject to scope and exemptions. Check your own preceding-year turnover, transaction coverage, business category, exemptions, and any current reporting time limit to determine whether the mandate applies.
The same portal guidance says an e-commerce operator can generate e-invoices on behalf of sellers using its platform. That capability does not, by itself, establish that a particular seller is covered by the mandate or remove the need to verify the seller’s own applicability.
Quick Recap
A practical filing sequence for online sellers
- Determine whether registration is required for your goods or services, sales locations, marketplace arrangement, turnover, and any current exemption you intend to rely on.
- For registered sales, issue the tax invoice or bill of supply appropriate to your status and the supply.
- Reconcile invoices against orders, fulfillment, cancellations, refunds, returns, credit or debit notes, and marketplace settlement or TCS information.
- Use the GST Portal’s current GSTR-1 tables for the relevant tax period, including the applicable e-commerce, B2C, and HSN reporting sections.
- Confirm your filing frequency, current due dates, and any tax-payment steps in the live portal calendar before submitting returns.
- Separately verify whether the e-invoice mandate applies to your business and transactions.
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