New-car registrations in the European Union rose 13.9% in 2023, to more than 10.5 million, and battery-electric cars (BEVs) edged ahead of diesel by market share for the year. ACEA put BEVs at 14.6% of EU registrations and diesel at 13.6%. That was a crossover in new-car powertrain shares—not a claim that electric cars outsold every other type, or that all electric categories combined beat diesel.
What changed in the EU new-car market in 2023?
The European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA) reported that EU new-car registrations increased 13.9% compared with 2022, exceeding 10.5 million vehicles. Its full-year release was published on 18 January 2024. ACEA’s release attributes its aggregate data to national automobile associations, ACEA members and S&P Global Mobility.
The growth figure describes registrations in the European Union. It should not be read as a 13.9% increase across every country in geographical Europe, nor as a measure of used-car transactions.
Did electric cars outsell diesel in Europe in 2023?
In ACEA’s EU full-year figures, BEVs took 14.6% of new-car registrations, compared with diesel’s 13.6%. BEVs therefore ranked ahead of diesel for the year by share of new registrations. Petrol remained the largest powertrain category, and hybrid-electric cars ranked second.
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| Powertrain | Share of EU new-car registrations in 2023 |
|---|---|
| Petrol | 35.3% (ACEA) |
| Hybrid-electric | 25.8% (ACEA) |
| Battery-electric (BEV) | 14.6% (ACEA) |
| Diesel | 13.6% (ACEA) |
| Plug-in hybrid | 7.7% (ACEA) |
These are shares of new registrations, not percentages of the entire vehicle fleet. “Battery-electric” means cars powered solely by a battery and electric motor; it does not include plug-in hybrids. ACEA’s explainer described BEVs as the third-most-popular choice for buyers, overtaking diesel in 2023. ACEA’s explainer attributes that wording to Francesca Piazza, ACEA Senior Statistics Manager.
How strong was BEV growth—and how did the year end?
ACEA reported more than 1.5 million new BEV registrations in the EU during 2023, a 37% increase from 2022. That annual rise coexisted with a late-year setback: in December 2023, EU BEV registrations fell 16.9% year over year to 160,700. ACEA described December as the first monthly decline since April 2020. The monthly decline does not undo the full-year gain; the two figures cover different periods.
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ACEA’s full-year release and accompanying data provide the annual and December comparisons. The full-year 2023 release PDF was issued on 18 January 2024.
Why do published 2023 figures differ?
Other official sources publish nearby—but not identical—totals and shares. They differ in scope, categories, data series and status, so the numbers should be attributed rather than combined as if they came from one table.
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| Publisher and series | Reported 2023 figure | Scope or qualification |
|---|---|---|
| ACEA | More than 10.5 million registrations; 13.9% growth; 14.6% BEV and 13.6% diesel shares | EU new-car registrations; ACEA release dated 18 January 2024. |
| Eurostat | 10.7 million registrations; 14.5% battery-only electric and 14.3% pure diesel shares | EU passenger-car statistics, citing dataset road_eqr_carpda; Eurostat article dated 13 December 2024. |
| European Environment Agency (EEA) | 10.7 million new cars; 13.2% growth; 15.5% fully electric share | Provisional 2023 data covering EU Member States, Iceland and Norway; EEA said the data remained provisional pending manufacturer review. |
Eurostat’s figures are from its article “Hybrid & electric cars make up 48% of new registrations”. EEA’s figures come from its 2024 report on provisional 2023 car and van emissions data. EEA’s geography includes Iceland and Norway, so its total and growth rate are not EU-only statistics. The different electric and diesel shares also reflect the particular series and definitions used by each publisher.
When comparing vehicle-market figures, check five things: the geography, whether the measure is registrations or another activity, the powertrain definitions, whether data are provisional or final, and the publisher’s methodology. A figure labeled “electric” may not use the same category definition as one labeled “battery-only electric” or “fully electric.”
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What the crossover does—and does not—show
The 2023 result marks a change in the mix of newly registered cars: in ACEA’s EU series, BEVs had a larger share than diesel. It does not establish that BEVs had overtaken diesel in the total number of cars already on the road, or that the same ranking applied in every European country. Nor does a single year’s registration share by itself show what a particular driver will spend on a vehicle, fuel or charging.
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