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1Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsCyber threat information sharing lets organizations exchange threat indicators and defensive measures so others can identify and respond to related activity. In the United States, CISA’s Automated Indicator Sharing (AIS) service provides a machine-readable route for organizations and government to exchange that information. Participation can be direct or through an information-sharing group or commercial integration, but privacy obligations and statutory protections depend on following applicable procedures.
What cyber information sharing covers
In this context, information sharing means exchanging cyber threat indicators (CTIs)—information about suspected or observed threats—and defensive measures (DMs), such as steps that can help detect or mitigate them. It is an organizational security practice, not a consumer financial product. The U.S. framework described here centers on CISA’s AIS service and the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015; it does not represent every country’s rules or every private-sector arrangement.
How CISA’s AIS exchange works
AIS is a federal-private-sector service for exchanging machine-readable threat information. It uses STIX to represent threat information and TAXII for machine-to-machine communications. CISA encourages participants to use its bidirectional TAXII connection, allowing exchange in both directions. AIS 2.0 submissions must follow CISA’s AIS 2.0 STIX Profile and submission guidance.
CISA describes AIS as a no-cost service. That does not mean participation requires no investment: an organization needs a compatible technical capability and must complete onboarding. A public-key infrastructure (PKI) certificate may need to be purchased if the organization does not already have an appropriate one.
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Direct participation and onboarding
CISA’s onboarding process includes contacting the agency, agreeing to applicable terms, arranging a STIX/TAXII capability, obtaining an appropriate PKI certificate if needed, signing an interconnection agreement, and providing an IP address. CISA identifies an open-source TAXII 2.1 client and commercial solutions as possible technical routes. The CISA AIS service page provides current participation information.
Ways organizations can participate
Direct AIS access is not the only route. CISA also identifies connections through an Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC), an Information Sharing and Analysis Organization (ISAO), or a commercial product or service integrated with AIS.
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| Route | Potential fit | What to verify |
|---|---|---|
| Direct AIS participation | Organizations able to manage the technical connection and CISA onboarding. | STIX/TAXII compatibility, certificate requirements, interconnection terms, and internal capacity to handle and act on the information. |
| ISAC or ISAO | An organization seeking a sector, regional, or other community-based sharing channel. ISACs are associated with critical-infrastructure sectors; ISAOs may organize around a broader range of affinities. | Current membership eligibility, operating status, service scope, information handling terms, and how the group connects to AIS or other sources. CISA’s archived FAQ describes ISAOs as groups that gather, analyze, and disseminate cyber threat information. |
| Commercial AIS integration | An organization that wants a vendor or service to handle some integration work. | Current AIS integration, supported formats, onboarding responsibilities, coverage and context, timeliness, privacy controls, and contract terms. CISA identifies this as a route but does not establish a vendor-by-vendor comparison. |
These routes are not interchangeable guarantees of equal coverage or speed. Before choosing one, ask what information the channel actually supplies, how it is delivered, who can access it, and what staff and systems are needed to use it.
Privacy duties and legal protections
The statute combines incentives and protections with handling requirements. The interagency oversight report describes liability protections for private entities that share in accordance with established procedures. Those protections are conditional; they are not blanket immunity for every disclosure or a reason to treat sharing as risk-free.
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Federal and non-federal entities must remove personal information that is not directly related to a cybersecurity threat. CISA also points to privacy and civil-liberties guidelines covering government receipt, retention, use, and dissemination. Organizations should review the applicable procedures and terms before sharing, and ensure their process filters unrelated personal information. See the interagency report for its account of implementation and protections.
What federal oversight found
The January 2026 Interagency Joint Report on Compliance with the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 assessed calendar years 2023 and 2024. It says agencies continued to share unclassified cyber threat information through AIS and top-secret information through ICOAST, alongside email, written reports, websites, and in-person communications. The joint Offices of Inspectors General reported that agencies generally implemented the Act and that access expanded; they concluded, “CTI and DM sharing improved over the past two years, and they were expanding accessibility to information.”
The report also records continuing barriers, including reluctance to share, and differing accounts of timeliness. Its findings concern agency implementation and information accessibility; they do not establish that every organization receives actionable information quickly. The report does not supply a single comparable headline measure of sharing’s overall scale or effectiveness.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How long the 2015 Act remains in effect
As of October 4, 2026, the current preliminary U.S. Code states that the relevant provisions’ effective period ends on December 11, 2026. That date reflects a September 2, 2026 amendment to 6 U.S.C. §1510. CISA’s AIS page still contains an older February 2026 note naming September 30, 2026; it predates the amendment and is not the current statutory end date. Under §1510(b), the subchapter continues to apply to qualifying actions and information obtained before the provisions cease to have effect. Consult the current preliminary text of 6 U.S.C. §1510 for the controlling date and scope.
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