Credit-card gross non-performing assets (NPAs) in India rose 28.42% year over year to ₹6,742 crore in December 2024, even as gross NPAs across banks declined. The two trends describe different populations: card-segment NPAs rose from 2.06% to 2.3% of outstanding card credit, while overall bank NPAs fell from 2.5% to 2.41% of advances. The Indian Express reported the card figures as RBI data obtained through a Right to Information request.
What the December 2024 figures show
The card comparison covers the year from December 2023 to December 2024. Both the rupee balance of card NPAs and their share of credit outstanding increased, while the overall banking-system figures moved down.
| Measure | December 2023 | December 2024 | What it compares |
|---|---|---|---|
| Credit-card gross NPAs | ₹5,250 crore | ₹6,742 crore | Increase of 28.42%; RBI data as reported by The Indian Express in 2025 |
| Credit-card gross NPA ratio | 2.06% of ₹2.53 lakh crore outstanding | 2.3% of ₹2.92 lakh crore outstanding | Card-segment NPAs divided by outstanding credit in that segment; RBI data as reported by The Indian Express in 2025 |
| Overall bank gross NPAs | ₹5 lakh crore; 2.5% of advances | ₹4.55 lakh crore; 2.41% of advances | Aggregate bank figures attributed to RBI data by The Indian Express in 2025 |
The card balance rose as the segment’s outstanding credit also expanded, from ₹2.53 lakh crore to ₹2.92 lakh crore. The increase in the NPA ratio—from 2.06% to 2.3%—shows that the reported NPA balance grew faster than the segment’s outstanding credit over the same period.
Why card NPAs can rise while overall bank NPAs fall
The overall NPA ratio combines advances across many kinds of lending. A worsening ratio in one segment can coexist with improvement in the aggregate when other parts of the portfolio move differently or have greater weight. The reported figures establish that the card segment deteriorated on these measures while overall bank NPAs declined; they do not show that cards caused, offset, or reversed the wider trend.
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Comparisons also need to keep their denominators in view. The 2.3% card figure is measured against credit-card outstanding, whereas the 2.41% overall figure is measured against total advances. The rupee balances cover populations of very different sizes, so comparing those amounts alone would not describe relative asset quality.
What “default” means in this report
Here, “defaults” refers to gross NPAs in the credit-card segment, not every late payment. Under the Reserve Bank of India’s 2025–26 master circular on prudential norms, a credit-card account is classified as an NPA when the minimum amount due on the statement remains unpaid in full for 90 days after the payment due date. The circular separately provides that an account is reported as “past due” to credit-information companies, or penal charges may be levied, only when it remains past due for more than three days. That shorter threshold is not the NPA classification threshold.
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How current are these figures?
The 28.42% increase is a December 2023-to-December 2024 comparison, not a measurement through the latest available date. The Indian Express reported the card figures on April 7, 2025, attributing them to RBI data obtained through an RTI request. The September 2025 overall-bank figure does not update the card-specific series.
For later broad-sector context, the Press Information Bureau reported a provisional gross NPA ratio of 2.15% for scheduled commercial banks’ domestic operations at end-September 2025. That measure has a different date and scope from the December 2024 card figures, so it should not be read as a contemporaneous card-versus-bank comparison or as evidence of a later card NPA rate.
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What the figures do—and do not—explain
The reported data show a rise in credit-card NPAs and in their share of segment credit over the year to December 2024. They do not establish why the rise happened. Increased card use or borrower indebtedness may be relevant context, but these figures alone do not demonstrate either as a cause. They also do not support attributing the change to economic conditions, job losses, digital payments, or borrower behavior.
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