After losing job-based health insurance, compare the cost and coverage of continuing your employer plan through COBRA with Marketplace plans available where you live. COBRA usually keeps your existing plan, but you generally pay the full premium plus an administrative fee. A Marketplace plan may cost less after an income-based tax credit, and Medicaid or CHIP may be options for eligible households. The best fit depends on the actual price, doctors and prescriptions, out-of-pocket costs, start date, and how long you need coverage.
What changes when you lose job-based coverage?
You generally have two separate clocks to manage: the Marketplace Special Enrollment Period and the deadline to elect COBRA. Losing job-based coverage generally gives you 60 days to enroll in a Marketplace plan. HealthCare.gov says Marketplace coverage can start the first day of the month after your job-based coverage ends; confirm the effective date for the specific plan before relying on it. HealthCare.gov: options after losing job-based coverage
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COBRA continuation is typically available for up to 18 months after job loss or reduced hours when the federal requirements are met. The election window is generally 60 days, measured from the later of the date coverage is lost or the date the election notice is provided. Check the notice for your specific deadlines and payment instructions. U.S. Department of Labor: COBRA Continuation Coverage
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Compare your actual costs and coverage
Do not compare only the monthly premium. Use your COBRA election notice and the Marketplace plan details for your location, then compare what you would pay and what care the coverage includes.
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| What to compare | COBRA | Marketplace |
|---|---|---|
| Monthly premium | Usually the full group-plan premium plus up to 2% for administration. Subtract any employer or severance subsidy that applies, and check when it ends. | Compare the displayed premium after any premium tax credit you qualify for. The amount depends on your household, estimated income, and location. |
| Doctors, hospitals, and prescriptions | Generally continues the existing group plan, including its provider arrangements, while you remain covered. | Networks and covered prescription drugs vary by plan. Check each plan against your providers and medications. |
| Costs when you use care | Review the plan deductible, copayments, coinsurance, prescription tiers, and annual out-of-pocket maximum. | Review the same details; premium alone does not show what care may cost. |
| Coverage timing | Use the election notice and plan administrator’s information for the coverage and payment dates. | Confirm the selected plan’s effective date and how it lines up with the end of your current coverage. |
| How long it can last | Usually up to 18 months after job loss under federal COBRA; certain circumstances can permit longer continuation. | Enrollment may be available through the applicable Special Enrollment Period and later enrollment periods, subject to eligibility. |
Federal COBRA generally applies to qualifying group health plans of employers with at least 20 employees, subject to the plan and event requirements. State continuation laws may apply to some smaller employers. Ask the plan administrator or your state insurance authority which rules cover your situation. U.S. Department of Labor: COBRA FAQs for workers
How to make the decision
- Get the numbers and dates. Ask your former employer or plan administrator when active coverage ends, request the COBRA election notice, and get the full premium. Ask whether the employer or a severance arrangement will subsidize COBRA, for whom, and until what date.
- Compare Marketplace plans promptly. Apply within the applicable 60-day window after losing job-based coverage. The application can also check whether you qualify for Medicaid or CHIP, as well as Marketplace savings. Eligible people can enroll in Medicaid or CHIP year-round. U.S. Department of Labor: protecting benefits after job loss
- Check care and total costs. Verify your doctors, hospitals, specialists, and prescriptions in each plan’s network and formulary. Compare the deductible, copayments, coinsurance, prescription costs, and out-of-pocket maximum alongside the net monthly premium.
- Line up the effective dates. Check the end date of current coverage and the start date of the plan you would choose before declining or ending coverage. If you have a coverage gap question, confirm dates with the plan administrator and Marketplace.
- Check other coverage routes. A spouse’s, parent’s, or dependent’s employer plan may be available, with its own enrollment deadline. Ask that plan’s administrator about eligibility and timing.
When COBRA may be the better fit
COBRA may make sense if keeping the same plan and provider arrangements is especially important, or if the premium is manageable—particularly when an employer or severance subsidy reduces what you owe. It can also preserve continuity while you evaluate longer-term coverage. Confirm the subsidy’s end date and the premium you will owe after it ends before treating the subsidized cost as ongoing. U.S. Department of Labor: benefits after job loss
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When a Marketplace plan may be the better fit
A Marketplace plan may be more affordable if you qualify for premium tax credits, or may fit better if its network and cost-sharing suit your needs. There is no reliable way to estimate your subsidy without your household, estimated income, and location. Compare plans through the official application process rather than assuming unemployment alone guarantees a particular credit. HealthCare.gov: options after losing job-based coverage
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Yes, but outside annual Open Enrollment you generally need a qualifying event for a Special Enrollment Period. HealthCare.gov says you may be able to enroll when COBRA reaches its maximum duration, when an employer stops contributing and you must pay the full premium, when coverage otherwise becomes unavailable, or while the original 60-day period after losing job-based coverage remains open. Voluntarily ending COBRA early or choosing not to pay premiums generally does not create a new Special Enrollment Period by itself. Verify your eligibility and the new plan’s effective date with the Marketplace before dropping COBRA. HealthCare.gov: COBRA coverage when you’re unemployed and HealthCare.gov: getting coverage outside Open Enrollment
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