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Under the Ministry of Finance’s 15 September 2026 guidance, a customer should not be charged a transaction fee, platform fee or other charge for sending or receiving money through UPI. A merchant-side MDR charge does not become a fee the customer must pay just because the customer uses UPI. If you see an extra line on your bill, ask the merchant what it covers and request its removal if it is a UPI payment charge. Keep your receipt and transaction details if the issue is not resolved.
What the current UPI fee guidance says
The Ministry of Finance’s 15 September 2026 statement draws a distinction between a merchant’s payment-processing cost and an amount added to a customer’s bill for paying by UPI. The ministry says: “No transaction fee, platform fee or other charge may be imposed on individuals for sending or receiving money through UPI.” That is the direct answer to whether a shop can add a UPI fee: under this current government guidance, an individual should not be charged a UPI transaction, platform or other fee for making or receiving a UPI payment.
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The statement also describes which merchant transactions are subject to merchant discount rate (MDR), a merchant-side charge. Its existence does not mean the customer is supposed to pay a surcharge at checkout. The ministry says customers will not be required to pay a charge when making the specified higher-value merchant payments through UPI.
UPI MDR: which transactions are covered?
The categories below explain the MDR framework described by the Ministry of Finance on 15 September 2026. They are about whether MDR applies on the merchant side—not whether the customer may be charged an extra amount for using UPI.
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| Payment category | MDR treatment in the 15 September 2026 statement | What it means for the customer |
|---|---|---|
| Person-to-person UPI payment | Free regardless of amount | The customer should not be charged for sending or receiving the money through UPI. |
| Merchant payment of ₹2,000 or less | Free of MDR | The customer should not be charged a UPI fee. |
| Transaction covered by the zero-MDR framework for specified small merchants | Free of MDR | The customer should not be charged a UPI fee. |
| Specified merchant transaction above ₹2,000 | MDR applies to the merchant | The ministry says the customer is not required to pay a charge for making the UPI payment. |
The ministry estimates that approximately 96% of person-to-merchant (P2M) transactions remain unaffected by MDR. That figure is the Government of India’s estimate in its 2026 statement; it is not a claim that every merchant transaction falls into the same category. The ministry also says MDR is neither a tax nor a charge collected by the Government or NPCI.
For a customer, the practical point is that these categories help explain how a merchant’s payment-processing cost is treated; they do not create a customer fee. A payment of more than ₹2,000 is not, by itself, enough to conclude that MDR applies: the government refers to specified merchant transactions above that threshold, as well as specified small merchants covered by zero MDR. In either case, the statement says an individual is not required to pay a UPI transaction, platform or other charge.
How to tell a UPI surcharge from another bill item
A label such as “convenience fee,” “platform fee” or “service charge” does not by itself establish what the amount is for. First identify whether it is being added because you selected UPI, or whether the merchant says it is for something else. That distinction matters: the government’s UPI guidance addresses charges imposed on individuals for sending or receiving money through UPI, while an ordinary product price, a separately disclosed service, or a tax may raise a different question.
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- Payment-method charge: The merchant says the extra amount is for paying by UPI, or the bill makes it conditional on using UPI. Ask for the fee to be removed and refer to the Ministry of Finance’s 15 September 2026 statement.
- Price or service: The merchant says the amount is part of the item’s price or pays for a distinct service. Ask what was supplied and where the amount was disclosed. The UPI MDR statement does not decide every pricing or contract dispute.
- Tax: Ask which tax the line represents and request an itemized bill showing its basis. The ministry’s statement that MDR is not a tax does not determine whether a separate tax entry on a particular bill is correctly charged.
If the merchant’s explanation is vague, ask them to identify the line item in plain language before you pay. Do not assume that any extra amount on a receipt is automatically MDR or a UPI surcharge; establish the reason the merchant gives for it.
One useful check is whether the amount changes with the payment method. If the merchant says the same amount applies regardless of whether you pay by UPI, ask whether it is part of the price or a separate service and where it was disclosed. If the amount is added specifically because you chose UPI, explain that the Ministry’s statement covers transaction, platform and other charges imposed on individuals for sending or receiving money through UPI. The name printed beside a charge is less informative than the merchant’s explanation of why it was added.
What to do if a shop adds a UPI fee
Before you complete the payment
- Check the itemized total. Look for a new line item or a difference between the displayed price and the amount the merchant says you must pay. Note the wording and amount.
- Ask what the charge covers. You can say: “Is this amount charged because I’m paying by UPI, or is it for a separate item or service?” Ask the merchant to point out where a separate service or tax was disclosed.
- If it is a UPI payment charge, ask for it to be removed. Explain that the Ministry of Finance’s 15 September 2026 guidance says no transaction fee, platform fee or other charge may be imposed on individuals for sending or receiving money through UPI. Do not treat merchant-side MDR as a reason you must pay the fee.
- Decide whether to proceed. If the merchant will not clarify or remove a charge you believe is tied to UPI, you can ask for a corrected bill before paying. Keep the discussion focused on what the line item is for; the available official guidance does not establish a specific surcharge-dispute form or guaranteed outcome.
If you have already paid
- Save the itemized bill or receipt. Keep the version showing the disputed line, rather than relying only on a recollection of the total.
- Save the UPI transaction record. Retain the transaction reference and the confirmation shown in the payment app. These records can help identify the payment if you raise the issue.
- Ask the merchant for a written explanation. State the date, amount and disputed line, and ask whether it was charged specifically for paying through UPI. Keep any written reply.
- Contact the payment app or bank if the merchant does not resolve it. Use the official help or grievance channel for the app or bank involved, and provide the receipt, transaction details and merchant response. The route for this specific surcharge dispute is not established by the official material described here, so do not assume a particular escalation sequence or refund deadline.
Keeping those records is a practical way to explain what happened; it is not a government-prescribed evidence checklist. The NPCI UPI FAQ index includes a question about where merchants register UPI transaction complaints, but the FAQ answer was not accessible in the reviewed official material. It therefore does not establish a customer complaint sequence for this situation.
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When you contact the merchant or your app or bank, make the issue easy to identify: give the date, the amount, the merchant name, the wording of the bill entry and the UPI transaction reference. Keep a copy of what you send and any reply. These are practical ways to describe the event, not a formally required complaint format. The official statements do not set a specific response period for a UPI surcharge dispute or guarantee that a particular channel will refund the amount.
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MDR is associated with the merchant’s acceptance of a payment, whereas the customer’s payment is the act of sending money through UPI. The September 2026 ministry statement says MDR applies only to specified merchant transactions above ₹2,000, while also saying the customer will not be required to pay a charge for those payments through UPI. Treating the merchant’s MDR as a mandatory UPI fee on the customer would collapse two different sides of the transaction and contradict the ministry’s stated treatment.
The government’s current MDR details should be read together with, not replaced by, the legal background. In an 18 August 2025 answer to the Lok Sabha, the Ministry of Finance said Section 10A of the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 provides that no bank or system provider shall impose a charge on a payer making payment, or a beneficiary receiving payment, through electronic modes prescribed under Section 269SU of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The ministry said UPI and RuPay debit cards were notified as prescribed modes in CBDT Gazette Notification No. 105/2019 dated 30 December 2019. For the current UPI MDR categories and customer treatment, the later 15 September 2026 statement is the more current guidance.
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This distinction is useful if a merchant says the extra amount is needed to cover its MDR. The Ministry’s current statement addresses both sides of that explanation: specified MDR may apply to the merchant, but a customer is not required to pay a charge for making the UPI payment. You can ask the merchant to separate any genuine price or service item from a payment-method charge, rather than accepting “MDR” as a complete explanation for an amount added only when you use UPI.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.A quick decision guide
- You are sending money to another person: The government says P2P UPI remains free regardless of amount. A charge specifically for sending or receiving that money is inconsistent with the ministry’s statement.
- You are paying a merchant ₹2,000 or less: The transaction remains free of MDR under the stated framework, and the customer should not be charged a UPI fee.
- You are paying a merchant more than ₹2,000: MDR may apply to a specified merchant transaction, but the ministry says this merchant-side charge does not require the customer to pay a UPI charge.
- The bill includes an ambiguous extra amount: Ask what it pays for and whether it is conditional on UPI. The label alone does not settle whether it is a payment fee, a separate service, a price component or a tax.
In short, separate the payment method from the reason for the bill item. A merchant-side MDR category is not a customer surcharge. If the merchant says the amount is specifically for sending or receiving money through UPI, ask for clarification or removal before paying; if you already paid, keep the itemized bill and transaction record and raise the matter through the merchant and the official app or bank help channel as appropriate.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a shop charge extra for UPI?
The Ministry of Finance’s 15 September 2026 statement says no transaction fee, platform fee or other charge may be imposed on individuals for sending or receiving money through UPI. A merchant’s MDR, where it applies, is a merchant-side charge; the ministry says the customer is not required to pay it as a UPI charge.
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Is a UPI convenience fee allowed if the payment is over ₹2,000?
The ministry says MDR applies to specified merchant transactions above ₹2,000, but that does not make MDR a fee payable by the customer. The amount threshold is part of the merchant-side framework, and the customer is not required to pay a charge for making the specified payment through UPI.
What if a merchant calls the extra amount a service charge or platform fee?
Ask what the amount covers and whether it is imposed because you selected UPI. The label alone does not establish that it is a UPI charge or a separate service. Ask where any distinct service or tax was disclosed; the government’s UPI statement does not resolve every pricing or contract question.
What should I keep if I already paid a UPI fee?
Keep the itemized bill or receipt, the UPI transaction reference and app confirmation, and any written explanation from the merchant. These are practical records that can help explain the issue, not a government-prescribed checklist.
Where do I complain about a UPI fee added by a merchant?
Start by asking the merchant to explain or resolve the line item. If it remains unresolved, use the official help or grievance channel of the payment app or bank involved and provide your records. A surcharge-specific escalation sequence, complaint timeline and guaranteed refund outcome are not established by the official statements.
The Bottom Line
Bottom line: Under the Ministry of Finance’s 15 September 2026 guidance, a customer should not pay a UPI transaction, platform or other fee for sending or receiving money. MDR may apply to specified merchant-side transactions, but it does not become a surcharge the customer must pay. Ask what an unclear bill item covers, request removal if it is charged for using UPI, and retain the bill and transaction details if you need to raise the issue.
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