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Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minuteBiodiesel and renewable diesel are different fuels, even though both can be made from fats and oils. Biodiesel is an ester fuel produced through transesterification; renewable diesel is a hydrocarbon fuel commonly made by hydrotreating. In the United States, their fuel standards differ, and whether a particular diesel vehicle can use a fuel depends on the exact product, the blend, the vehicle manufacturer’s guidance, and conditions such as winter temperatures. The word “renewable” on its own does not tell you whether a fuel is approved for your vehicle.
What is the difference between biodiesel and renewable diesel?
The key difference is chemical, not simply the feedstock. Biodiesel is made by converting fats or oils into mono-alkyl esters through transesterification. Renewable diesel is a hydrocarbon fuel commonly produced by hydrotreating fats, oils, or other renewable feedstocks. Because the finished fuels have different chemistry, they are not interchangeable names. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) puts it plainly: “Renewable diesel and biodiesel are not the same fuel.” See the DOE explanation of renewable diesel and its biodiesel fuel basics.
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That distinction matters at the pump and in the owner’s manual. “Made from renewable material” describes an origin, not a fuel specification or a vehicle approval. Check whether a station is dispensing biodiesel blended with petroleum diesel, renewable diesel, or conventional diesel, then match that exact fuel and blend to the vehicle manufacturer’s instructions.
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How the fuels are made
Biodiesel production uses transesterification to turn fats and oils into ester molecules. The result is a fuel with different chemical characteristics from petroleum diesel. Renewable diesel is commonly made by hydrotreating renewable feedstocks into hydrocarbons. Its hydrocarbon chemistry is why the U.S. AFDC identifies it as meeting the petroleum diesel specification ASTM D975, whereas biodiesel has its own standards at higher concentrations.
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Shared feedstocks do not make the products equivalent. A fuel made from an oil or fat could become either biodiesel or renewable diesel depending on the processing route. For a driver, the product name and applicable specification are more useful than the feedstock alone.
How to compare the fuels at the pump
Use the label or station information to identify both the fuel type and, when applicable, the blend percentage. A “B” designation describes a biodiesel blend: B5 is up to 5% biodiesel, B20 is a blend containing 20% biodiesel, and B100 is neat biodiesel. The percentage is not a general label for renewable diesel. If the pump or supplier information is unclear, ask the fuel provider before filling up.
| What to check | Biodiesel | Renewable diesel |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical type and common production route | Mono-alkyl ester made by transesterification | Hydrocarbon fuel commonly made by hydrotreating |
| U.S. ASTM specification | B100: ASTM D6751; B6–B20: ASTM D7467; B5 and lower blends: ASTM D975 | ASTM D975 |
| Blend percentage | Often identified with a B-number, such as B5 or B20 | Not identified by the biodiesel B-number system |
| Vehicle approval | DOE AFDC says all OEMs approve B5; check the exact vehicle’s manual and warranty before using higher blends | Check the exact vehicle’s manual and warranty; a fuel specification is not a vehicle-specific warranty statement |
| Cold-weather considerations | Performance depends on blend, feedstock, and the petroleum diesel in the blend | The cited sources do not establish one universal cold-weather result for every product and vehicle |
| Availability | Varies by location and supplier | Varies by location and supplier |
The ASTM distinctions and blend categories above are U.S. specifications described by the DOE AFDC in its biodiesel blends, renewable diesel, and biodiesel handling and use information. They should not be assumed to describe fuel rules in every country.
What the ASTM labels tell you—and what they do not
A specification indicates that fuel is covered by a defined fuel standard. In the United States, the AFDC says neat biodiesel (B100) is covered by ASTM D6751, blends from B6 through B20 by ASTM D7467, and B5 and lower biodiesel blends by ASTM D975. It says renewable diesel meets ASTM D975. These standards help distinguish the products and their categories; they do not, by themselves, confirm that a particular vehicle’s warranty permits every fuel sold under that standard.
Standards and regulations are also market-specific. The AFDC notes that renewable diesel does not meet the minimum density requirement in Europe’s EN 590, while it does meet EN 15940. A U.S. statement about D975 therefore should not be carried over as a universal claim of compatibility outside the United States. Drivers elsewhere need to check the applicable local fuel standards and vehicle guidance.
Can your diesel car or truck use biodiesel?
For B5, DOE AFDC states that all original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) approve its use. That is a broad U.S. AFDC statement, not a substitute for checking the guidance for an individual vehicle. For blends above B5—such as B20—verify the exact engine model, model year, owner’s manual, and warranty terms. The AFDC cautions that some OEMs do not approve higher blends, so approval for one diesel vehicle should not be generalized to another.
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- Identify the fuel. Confirm whether it is B5, B20, another biodiesel blend, B100, renewable diesel, or conventional diesel. Do not infer the product from its feedstock or from a general “renewable” description.
- Find the vehicle’s own guidance. Check the owner’s manual for permitted fuel types and biodiesel blend limits. If the wording is unclear, ask the manufacturer or an authorized service contact about the exact engine and model year.
- Check warranty language. Confirm that the fuel and blend are allowed under the warranty. Do not rely on a statement for a different model or on the fact that a fuel meets an ASTM specification.
- Ask the supplier about the delivered fuel. If a station’s product description does not state the fuel type or blend clearly, get that information before filling up.
- Use the permitted product and keep a record if needed. When a warranty or service question is important, retain the fuel receipt and the supplier’s product information.
The U.S. AFDC’s diesel vehicle guidance is a useful starting point, but the manufacturer’s instructions for the specific vehicle are the controlling practical check. Approval to use B5 does not establish approval for B20 or B100.
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Renewable diesel meeting ASTM D975 is not the same thing as biodiesel merely because both can originate from fats and oils. The U.S. specification is useful information when identifying the fuel, but a driver should still follow the vehicle manual and warranty rather than assuming every vehicle or market has identical instructions. The cited government information establishes the U.S. D975 status; it does not provide a universal approval statement for every diesel vehicle worldwide.
Is biodiesel okay in cold weather?
There is no single cold-weather answer for every biodiesel blend. Performance depends on the blend percentage, the feedstock used to make the biodiesel, and the petroleum diesel mixed into it. DOE AFDC says B5 typically performs about like No. 2 diesel in cold weather. It also advises drivers to work with the fuel provider on a suitable winter blend. “Typically” is important: it is not a guarantee for every fuel, vehicle, or temperature.
Before winter use, ask the supplier what seasonal blend is being sold and what cold-flow properties apply to that product. A general statement about B5 does not predict how a different blend will behave in a specific vehicle during a particular cold spell. For additional background on biodiesel use and handling, consult NREL’s Biodiesel Handling and Use Guide, Sixth Edition, dated 2023, alongside current supplier and OEM instructions.
Winter decision checklist
- Confirm the biodiesel percentage rather than assuming all diesel sold at the station has the same blend.
- Ask the fuel provider what seasonal product is being supplied and whether it is suitable for the expected conditions.
- Check the vehicle manufacturer’s permitted fuels and operating guidance.
- Do not treat a typical B5 comparison with No. 2 diesel as a guarantee for a different blend, feedstock, vehicle, or temperature.
Does biodiesel change fuel economy or cost per mile?
DOE AFDC reports that B20 has 1%–2% less energy per gallon than petroleum diesel. It also says many users report no noticeable difference in fuel economy or performance. The energy figure is a general fuel-property comparison, not a prediction of the result in every vehicle or driving condition. B100 has a lower heating value of approximately 119,550 Btu per gallon, according to the AFDC’s Biodiesel Fuel Basics, which cites the Biodiesel Handling and Use Guide. That number describes fuel energy content; it is not a vehicle fuel-economy result.
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For a household budget, the pump price alone does not settle which option costs less per mile. You would need the price for the exact fuel in your area and actual fuel consumption for your vehicle under comparable driving conditions. The cited sources do not establish a current, location-specific price comparison or a universal cost winner. A small difference in energy per gallon does not, on its own, tell you the final dollars-per-mile difference.
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When comparing a station’s options, record the price per gallon and the fuel designation, then use your own vehicle’s observed consumption rather than treating a general energy figure as a guaranteed mileage change. Do not assume that all products called renewable diesel have the same local price or availability.
How to make a fair cost comparison
- Write down the exact pump designation, such as conventional diesel, B5, B20, or renewable diesel.
- Record the price per gallon and the odometer or trip-meter reading at fill-up.
- Compare several complete tanks under similar driving conditions instead of drawing a conclusion from one trip.
- Calculate fuel cost per mile from your own receipts. Keep the blend and vehicle conditions with the calculation.
This method separates a fuel’s published energy property from the result your vehicle actually delivers. It also prevents a lower advertised price from being treated as a guaranteed saving when the permitted fuel, blend, or driving pattern differs.
Does one fuel have lower emissions?
The information cited here does not provide a directly comparable lifecycle-emissions figure for biodiesel and renewable diesel. Emissions depend on the production pathway and feedstock, so the names of the fuels alone are not enough to declare one a universal emissions winner. A fair comparison needs figures that use comparable boundaries and identify the particular feedstock and production route. Without that, avoid treating “renewable” as a quantified emissions result.
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NREL’s Sixth Edition Biodiesel Handling and Use Guide says B6–B20 blends may be used in many applications with minor or no equipment modifications. That general statement does not override an OEM’s instructions for a particular engine, nor does it turn B20 approval into B100 approval. It is a practical indication that the blend range is commonly handled in existing applications when the fuel and equipment guidance are followed.
The same guide notes that blends above B20 may require special handling or modifications. Therefore, a driver considering B30, B50, or B100 should not extrapolate from an ordinary B5 or B20 experience. Confirm the exact equipment requirements with the manufacturer and fuel supplier. Standards and guidance can be updated, so use the current instructions that apply to the vehicle and fuel being purchased.
What information should you ask a fuel station?
If the dispenser label is ambiguous, ask four specific questions: Is this conventional diesel, a biodiesel blend, or renewable diesel? If it is biodiesel, what is the B-number? Which U.S. ASTM specification does the product meet? What seasonal formulation is being supplied for the expected temperatures? A supplier should be able to identify the product rather than asking the driver to infer it from a marketing term.
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Keep the receipt and any posted product information if fuel approval is tied to warranty coverage. This documentation can show exactly what was purchased if a service question later arises. It is especially useful when a station sells more than one diesel product or changes its seasonal blend.
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- Do not treat the names as synonyms. Biodiesel is an ester fuel; renewable diesel is a hydrocarbon fuel. They have different chemistry and U.S. specification categories.
- Do not infer high-blend approval from B5 approval. The AFDC’s broad statement that OEMs approve B5 does not mean every vehicle approves B20 or B100.
- Do not infer vehicle warranty coverage from ASTM status alone. A fuel standard and an individual vehicle’s warranty are different questions.
- Do not assume a winter result from the fuel name alone. Biodiesel cold behavior depends on blend, feedstock, and the petroleum diesel component; ask the supplier about its seasonal fuel.
- Do not assume a U.S. standard establishes compliance everywhere. Renewable diesel’s D975 status is U.S.-specific, and the AFDC notes a difference between European EN 590 and EN 15940 requirements.
- Do not declare a price or emissions winner without local, pathway-specific evidence. Those comparisons require information beyond the fuel labels.
- Do not assume every renewable diesel product has identical properties. The term identifies a fuel category and production origin, not a single worldwide formulation or a universal approval statement.
- Do not assume a blend number applies to renewable diesel. B5 and B20 describe biodiesel content; renewable diesel is not labeled through that biodiesel B-number system.
A practical way to choose
For everyday use, make the decision in this order: first identify the fuel and blend; second confirm the exact vehicle’s approval and warranty; third consider seasonal suitability with the supplier; and fourth compare local price and availability if more than one permitted option is sold. If any part of that chain is uncertain, ask the station or manufacturer rather than assuming fuels with similar feedstocks are interchangeable.
For a U.S. driver, B5 is the broadest biodiesel approval statement reported by DOE AFDC, while B20 requires a vehicle-specific check. A renewable diesel product meeting ASTM D975 should still be matched to the vehicle manual and the market in which the vehicle operates. Drivers outside the United States need to verify local standards, including whether a product is intended for EN 590 or EN 15940 applications.
DOE AFDC’s pages on biodiesel blend standards, renewable diesel, diesel vehicle guidance, and biodiesel handling and use provide U.S.-focused background. The pages were accessed October 9, 2026; check current standards, local fuel information, and vehicle instructions before making a decision.
Frequently Asked Questions
What’s the difference between biodiesel and renewable diesel?
Biodiesel is a mono-alkyl ester made by transesterifying fats or oils. Renewable diesel is a hydrocarbon fuel commonly made by hydrotreating renewable feedstocks. They can share feedstocks but are chemically different fuels with different specification categories.
Can my diesel truck use renewable diesel?
First confirm that the product meets the applicable local fuel standard, such as ASTM D975 in the United States. Then check the truck’s owner’s manual and warranty for the exact model and model year. Meeting a fuel specification is not, by itself, a vehicle-specific approval statement.
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Can I use B20 in my car?
Some vehicles permit B20, but approval is not universal. DOE AFDC says all OEMs approve B5 and cautions that some OEMs do not approve higher blends. Check the exact manual and warranty before using B20.
Is biodiesel okay in cold weather?
It depends on the blend, feedstock, petroleum diesel component, vehicle, and temperature. DOE AFDC says B5 typically performs about like No. 2 diesel in cold weather and recommends working with the fuel provider on a suitable winter blend. That is not a guarantee for every product.
What do B5, B20, and B100 mean?
The B-number identifies biodiesel content: B5 is up to 5% biodiesel, B20 contains 20% biodiesel, and B100 is neat biodiesel. The B-number system does not identify renewable diesel.
Does B20 reduce fuel economy?
DOE AFDC reports that B20 has 1%–2% less energy per gallon than petroleum diesel, while many users report no noticeable fuel-economy or performance difference. Your actual result depends on the vehicle and driving conditions.
Can I use blends above B20?
NREL’s Sixth Edition guide says blends above B20 may require special handling or equipment modifications. Do not extrapolate from B5 or B20 approval; follow current OEM and supplier instructions for the exact blend and equipment.
Is renewable diesel available everywhere?
No. Availability varies by location and supplier, as it does for biodiesel blends. Ask the station to identify the exact product and specification rather than relying on the word “renewable.”
Which fuel is cheaper?
There is no universal answer. Compare the local price of the exact permitted fuel with your vehicle’s observed fuel consumption under similar conditions. Published energy content alone does not establish dollars per mile.
Which fuel has lower emissions?
No universal winner can be stated without comparable lifecycle figures for the specific feedstock and production pathway. Fuel names alone do not provide a directly comparable emissions result.
The Bottom Line
Biodiesel and renewable diesel are not interchangeable. Identify the exact pump fuel, check the applicable ASTM or local standard, verify your vehicle’s manual and warranty, and ask about seasonal suitability. B5 has broad U.S. OEM approval according to DOE AFDC; higher biodiesel blends require a vehicle-specific check. Renewable diesel’s ASTM D975 status does not replace that check, and price, cold-weather performance, availability, and emissions depend on the particular product and circumstances.
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