On October 8, 2024, then-Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack said he thought the odds favored Congress passing a new farm bill before year-end. Congress did not meet that deadline. By October 8, 2026, the House had passed its own bill and the Senate Agriculture Committee had advanced a separate version, but neither action had completed the process.
What Vilsack meant by “better odds than not”
At a White House conference on October 8, 2024, Vilsack said, “I think there’s better odds than not that we get it done.” He also said the legislation “has got to be done before the end of the year.” The remarks reflected his political outlook at the time, not a formal probability calculation or a guarantee of passage. Mississippi State University’s October 2024 digest reproduces the remarks and links them to the contemporaneous Successful Farming report.
The 2018 farm bill was already a year overdue, and negotiations had been deadlocked for months. Vilsack viewed discussions among Republican and Democratic leaders of the House and Senate Agriculture Committees as a hopeful sign. But agreement that a bill was needed did not settle the central disputes over what it should contain or how much additional crop-subsidy spending it could support. The Mississippi State digest describes the subsidy issue; FERN’s 2024 coverage archive also identifies disagreements over SNAP, climate funding and crop support.
Why the end-of-2024 forecast did not become a new law
The forecast came as Congress faced unresolved disagreements over crop subsidies and nutrition policy, including SNAP. Climate funding was another fault line. Those differences kept the negotiations from producing a new farm bill by the end of 2024. Vilsack’s optimism was a statement about the negotiations as he saw them on October 8—not evidence that the two chambers had reached a deal.
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Where the 2026 Farm Bill process stood on October 8, 2026
The later legislative developments concern a different Congress and a new round of bills. The House and Senate had taken separate steps, but the versions were not identical and the process was incomplete as of October 8, 2026.
| Date and chamber | Action | What remained |
|---|---|---|
| April 30, 2026 — House | Passed its farm bill 224-200. A pesticide-liability provision was removed during floor consideration, according to Civil Eats’ report. | The Senate still had to act on its own version; the House would also need to consider any Senate-passed bill. |
| September 16, 2026 — Senate Agriculture Committee | Advanced its version 12-11, with all Democrats opposed, according to Civil Eats’ report. | Committee action was not Senate passage or enactment. Senate floor action and House approval remained necessary. Civil Eats reported that the House was not expected to return before the November midterms. |
The House vote and Senate committee vote describe different bills at different stages. A committee’s approval sends a proposal forward for further consideration; it does not make that proposal law. The latest status described here is anchored to October 8, 2026.
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Disputes in the Senate committee version
SNAP cost sharing
The Senate Agriculture Committee version delayed until 2028 a shift of SNAP costs to states. Democrats sought a longer delay. The provision was part of the committee bill advanced on September 16, 2026, not a settled policy enacted by Congress. Civil Eats’ account of the committee action describes the dispute.
EQIP and conservation funding
The committee version temporarily redirected nearly $2 billion from the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) to other USDA conservation programs, with higher EQIP funding set to return in fiscal year 2031. Jonathan Coppess of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign estimated that 56,500 valid EQIP applications could go unfunded over the next few years under the proposal, as reported by Civil Eats. That is Coppess’s estimate, not an official count of applications Congress or USDA said would be denied.
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