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Hybrid Work Pitfalls: How to Prevent Office Cliques and Proximity Bias

Hybrid work can create unequal access to information, visibility and opportunity. These practical team routines help managers address proximity bias without treating office attendance as a cure.
From TheFinanceBase Team5 min to read
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Office cliques are not an inevitable result of hybrid work, and the sources available do not measure how often they form. The underlying risk is more specific: employees who share a workplace may gain easier access to informal information, decision-makers, visibility and social contact, while colleagues elsewhere miss those opportunities. Managers can reduce that risk by making communication and opportunity access deliberate, using inclusive meeting routines, and evaluating work by outcomes rather than presence.

How hybrid work can create an office-and-remote divide

Proximity bias describes a risk that leaders may favor employees they see in person. Williamson and colleagues’ 2024 practice and policy article discusses how that preference can affect visibility, participation and access to opportunities. It draws on existing literature and Australian Public Service evidence, including manager focus groups; it is not a controlled trial showing that any one policy prevents bias. Read the article.

The mechanism is ordinary but consequential: a quick conversation after a meeting can carry context; a person nearby may be asked to weigh in; informal contact can help colleagues build relationships. These exchanges are useful when their outcomes are shared, but they can leave remote colleagues less informed or less likely to be considered for work if access depends on being physically present. That is a risk to manage, not a guarantee that office-based staff will form a literal clique.

Attendance patterns also reflect different motives and constraints. In NORC at the University of Chicago’s U.S. employee survey, fielded in August and September 2023, 22 percent of hybrid employees said they worked in person part of the time to collaborate or bond with co-workers; 30 percent said their office presence was mandated some of the time. These are reported reasons for attendance, not measures of clique prevalence or proof that mandates cause exclusion. NORC’s Return to Office Surveys also reports an HR survey fielded in November and December 2022.

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Make hybrid meetings usable for everyone

A meeting is a frequent point where unequal access can become visible: participants need to hear the discussion, see shared material, get a turn to speak and know what was decided. A 2024 peer-reviewed Microsoft Research study analyzed meeting surveys alongside objective attributes from a computer-mediated communication system to examine remote-meeting effectiveness and inclusiveness. It does not establish one meeting setup as best for every team or show that a particular format prevents office cliques. See the study description.

  • Set a clear turn-taking norm so people joining remotely can enter the discussion rather than compete with in-room side conversations.
  • Check that remote participants can hear speakers and see the material being discussed; name who is speaking when the room setup makes that unclear.
  • Share decisions, owners and deadlines after the meeting in a place accessible to the whole team.
  • Choose the meeting format to fit the team’s work and participation needs. There is no evidence here that everyone must join individually, or that one other configuration is universally fair.

A 2023 Sandia National Laboratories report describes dissatisfaction with remote-participant meeting execution and tooling at one research center. Its evidence included 15 survey responses, conversations with colleagues and a nine-author Hybrid Work Team. Treat it as an example of issues one organization encountered, not an estimate of how common those problems are elsewhere. Read the Sandia report.

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Make informal information available to the whole team

When context is shared only through hallway conversations or in-office follow-ups, remote employees may not have the information needed to contribute. A practical response is to publish important decisions, action items and background in a shared channel or document. This applies the broader recommendation for equitable communication in Williamson and colleagues’ article; the cited sources do not test this documentation routine as a stand-alone intervention.

  • After a decision, record what was decided, who owns the next step and when it is due.
  • Share relevant context before asking for input, rather than relying on people to have heard an earlier informal conversation.
  • Make it clear where employees can find updates and how to add questions or corrections asynchronously.

Audit access to assignments, feedback and decisions

Inclusion is not only about who speaks in meetings. Managers should check whether employees across locations have comparable access to visible work, mentoring, useful feedback and decision-making. Williamson and colleagues specifically discuss recording task allocation as a way to check whether opportunities are distributed evenly.

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  1. Choose a review period and define the opportunities that matter for the roles involved—for example, high-profile assignments, mentoring, feedback and invitations to contribute to decisions.
  2. Review who received those opportunities and how they were allocated. Look for patterns by work location without assuming that every difference is unfair; roles, availability and employee preferences may differ.
  3. Where access appears uneven, ask what shaped the decision and identify a practical adjustment, such as making selection criteria clearer or inviting additional colleagues to contribute.

Evaluate performance using agreed, job-relevant outcomes rather than visibility in the office. The 2024 article recommends objective, quantifiable measures and attention to outcomes instead of work location. Those recommendations are a basis for local practice, not proof of a universal intervention effect.

Agree on purposeful in-person time, not attendance as a cure

Teams may choose in-person time for work that benefits from co-presence or relationship building. The important distinction is between a clear purpose and an assumption that more office attendance by itself will prevent proximity bias. Williamson and colleagues caution that return mandates or work-from-home caps may reduce flexibility and autonomy and could generate resentment; they discuss awareness, fair communication, objective performance measures and negotiated team arrangements as alternatives. These are recommendations, not proven causal treatments.

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Ask employees what kinds of work or interaction are worth gathering for, then agree on arrangements that account for team needs, role constraints and employee preferences. The NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research’s 2022 report synthesizes earlier research and surveys, noting that office preferences vary among demographic groups and that hybrid work may support belonging while leaving disparities unaddressed. It is useful context rather than a current global estimate of employee attitudes. Read the NIH report.

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Build relationships across locations and review what is working

Social contact should not depend entirely on who happens to be at the office. Create recurring ways for colleagues across locations to interact, such as structured team discussions or proactive opportunities to connect. Sandia’s report identifies social disconnect as a concern in its research-center context, particularly for hires made after the pandemic began; it does not establish how prevalent that concern is across employers.

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Review the arrangements with employees rather than treating a fixed schedule as the sole solution. Ask whether people can contribute in meetings, find the context they need, build work relationships and access development opportunities. Then compare those experiences with assignment and review patterns. This is a practical way to apply the cited recommendations, not a review package validated by the studies.

  • Access: Do employees in each location receive context, ways to participate and follow-up?
  • Opportunity: Are work assignments, mentoring, feedback and decision access visible and fairly allocated?
  • Purpose: Does in-person time support work or relationships that benefit from being together?
  • Autonomy and fairness: Were arrangements discussed with the team and adapted to role constraints and employee needs?
  • Review: Are managers checking both outcomes and employee experience rather than treating physical presence as a proxy for contribution?

These are decision criteria synthesized from recommendations and inclusion concerns in the cited sources, not a validated scoring tool. None of the sources establishes a guaranteed formula for preventing office cliques.

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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