Lithuania has not lifted its restriction on nuclear weapons or decided to host them. On October 6, 2026, its parliament, the Seimas, voted in the first of two required ballots to advance a proposal to repeal Article 137 of the Constitution, which bars weapons of mass destruction and foreign military bases from being stationed on Lithuanian territory. The Kremlin criticized the proposal as an escalation, but the vote itself changed neither the law nor Lithuania’s deployment policy.
What the Seimas voted on
The October 6 vote was the first step in a constitutional amendment process, not a final vote to repeal Article 137. The official Seimas legal-document portal lists the proposal as XVP-1729(2), dated September 9, 2026: Seimas legal-document listing. The sources available do not establish the first ballot’s exact tally.
Article 137’s wording covers weapons of mass destruction and foreign military bases. News coverage has framed the proposed change around nuclear weapons, but the constitutional restriction is broader than nuclear arms alone. The official text is available in the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania.
What must happen before the Constitution changes
Article 148 requires two Seimas votes on an amendment to this part of the Constitution, separated by at least three months. Each ballot must receive support from at least two-thirds of all Seimas members, not merely two-thirds of those present or voting. The rule is set out in Article 148 of the Constitution.
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Contemporary reporting said the second ballot was scheduled for January 12, 2027. That date is reported rather than confirmed here against a current official Seimas calendar. Until both votes meet the constitutional threshold, Article 137 remains in force.
Repeal would not mean nuclear weapons are coming
There are three distinct stages that should not be confused:
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- Current law: Article 137 prohibits stationing weapons of mass destruction and foreign military bases in Lithuania.
- Constitutional amendment: The proposal has passed its first ballot, but still needs a second qualifying vote before the express restriction is removed.
- Any later deployment decision: Repealing the provision would remove that constitutional barrier; it would not, by itself, constitute an agreement or decision to station nuclear weapons in Lithuania.
The available reporting does not establish a Lithuanian or NATO decision to deploy nuclear weapons there. Lithuania’s NATO membership and its rotating U.S. troop presence are relevant security context, not proof of a nuclear deployment. Reuters reported that the United States had kept a rotating armored battalion of nearly 1,000 troops in Lithuania since 2019: Reuters reporting republished by The Moscow Times.
Why Moscow objected
Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov criticized both the nuclear-hosting proposal and U.S. President Donald Trump’s reported proposal for a U.S. military base in Lithuania. Reuters attributed this statement to him: “If the military infrastructure of what is, in effect, NATO’s leading country (the U.S.) is moving closer to our borders, then, of course, this cannot be perceived as anything other than a step towards escalating tensions.”
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On nuclear weapons, Peskov said: “The same applies to the deployment of nuclear weapons on the territory of a neighbouring state. Neither of these developments will contribute to stability and predictability on the European continent; on the contrary, they will, much to our regret, mark yet another significant escalation of tensions.” These are the Kremlin’s claims about the proposal’s consequences, not an independently established forecast. Lithuania borders Russia and Belarus and is a member of NATO and the European Union. The remarks and troop context were reported by Reuters, republished by The Moscow Times.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How Lithuania’s proposal differs from Finland’s law
Finland took a separate legal step in June 2026: its parliament approved a law allowing nuclear weapons to be imported and deployed, and President Alexander Stubb signed it on June 26. Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said Moscow would take political and military-technical measures in response. Finland’s law is not part of Lithuania’s constitutional process; the two countries’ actions should not be treated as equivalent. This account of Finland’s action and Russia’s response was reported by Anadolu Agency.
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