Applications for U.S. asylum by Indian nationals rose from 4,330 in FY2021 to 41,330 in FY2023, an increase of about 855%. The figures count applications—not approvals—and combine affirmative claims filed with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and defensive claims raised in immigration proceedings.
How many Indian nationals applied for asylum in the U.S.?
The Office of Homeland Security Statistics (OHSS), part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), reported 4,330 applications in FY2021, 14,570 in FY2022 and 41,330 in FY2023. The 855% increase is calculated from the FY2021 and FY2023 totals: (41,330 − 4,330) ÷ 4,330. It describes the change in application counts across those two fiscal years, not a change in the likelihood of receiving asylum.
The report’s tables combine affirmative and defensive applications. OHSS says its table values are rounded to the nearest ten, so totals may not sum exactly because of rounding. Defensive-case data were current as of February 1, 2024, and affirmative-case data as of March 5, 2024. The figures appear in Asylees: 2023, published by OHSS in October 2024, and were reported by The Times of India on November 11, 2024.
What changed in the affirmative and defensive counts?
The overall increase included growth in both categories, with defensive applications making up a larger share of the total in FY2022 and FY2023.
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| U.S. fiscal year | Affirmative applications | Defensive applications | Total applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY2021 | 2,090 | 2,240 | 4,330 |
| FY2022 | 5,370 | 9,200 | 14,570 |
| FY2023 | 13,030 | 28,300 | 41,330 |
An affirmative application is filed with USCIS. A defensive asylum claim is made in immigration court as a response to removal proceedings. The categories describe different routes through the system; their counts should not be read as a count of unique people who necessarily filed only once.
Applications are not the same as grants
DHS also recorded 1,330 Indian nationals granted asylum in FY2021, 4,260 in FY2022 and 5,340 in FY2023. In FY2023, the grants comprised 2,710 affirmative and 2,630 defensive grants. These are grants recorded during each fiscal year, not necessarily decisions on applications filed in that same year. Dividing a year’s grants by that year’s applications would therefore not produce a valid approval rate.
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What the figures do—and do not—say
For FY2023, India ranked seventh among nationalities for affirmative asylum applications and fifth for defensive applications, according to the figures reported by The Times of India. Those are separate rankings for the two case types, not a single overall rank.
The Times of India also reported an estimate from unnamed Indian agency officials that close to half of the applicants were from Gujarat. That is an attributed estimate, not a verified state-level count in the DHS figures cited here.
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The counts establish a steep rise between FY2021 and FY2023, but they do not explain why it happened. They do not, by themselves, establish the applicants’ reasons for seeking protection, a role for economic motives or migration routes, or the effect of any particular policy change. FY2023 is the endpoint of this comparison; these figures alone do not establish whether it is the latest available year for Indian applications.
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