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Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minuteThe 119th Congress has advanced competing Farm Bill proposals, but no new Farm Bill had become law as of October 8, 2026. The House passed H.R. 7567 on April 30, and the Senate Agriculture Committee approved its own measure on September 16. The Senate text, bill number and score were still unreleased in the latest Congressional Research Service status update, dated September 24, so a detailed comparison of the two proposals is not yet possible from that update.
What is the Farm Bill?
The Farm Bill is a broad, recurring federal law—not just a package of payments to farmers. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Economic Research Service says it is organized into 12 titles covering food assistance, farm income support, conservation and other agricultural policies. The Congressional Research Service identifies areas including commodities, crop insurance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension, forestry and energy.
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That scope makes the legislation relevant to more than farmers: it also affects people who use food-assistance programs, rural communities, agricultural researchers and conservation stakeholders. USDA ERS projects $1.4 trillion in CBO baseline outlays for farm and nutrition programs during FY2027–FY2036, with nutrition accounting for more than 70 percent. That is a projection of existing program spending, not the price tag for the House bill or a total of farm subsidies.
What is the status of the 2026 Farm Bill?
The House and Senate have taken different steps, but committee action in the Senate is not passage by the full chamber or enactment. The status and available cost figures as of the latest CRS update are:
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| Measure | Action taken | What is established |
|---|---|---|
| House: H.R. 7567, the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026 | The House Committee on Agriculture ordered it favorably reported on March 5, 2026; the House amended and passed it on April 30. | CBO’s April 24 score, as reported by CRS, projected a $162 million increase in mandatory spending over FY2026–FY2031 and budget neutrality over FY2026–FY2036. These figures apply to the House bill, not a Senate proposal or a final law. |
| Senate: Agricultural Act of 2026 | The Senate Agriculture Committee marked up its legislation on August 6 and ordered it favorably reported on September 16. | As of CRS’s September 24, 2026, update, the committee-reported text, bill number and CBO score had not been released. Specific provisions and a comparable score are not stated in that update. |
The Senate’s next steps and any subsequent House action can change the picture. The September 24 CRS report is the latest status point reflected here; a newer congressional action or release would need to be checked for a later update.
Why does Congress need another Farm Bill?
The 2018 Agriculture Improvement Act expired in 2023. Congress passed one-year extensions in November 2023 and December 2024, then extended relevant remaining mandatory programs through FY2026 in November 2025. Separately, the 2025 reconciliation law changed or reauthorized a range of policies. CRS says it amended and reauthorized most farm commodity programs through crop year 2031, but it did not reauthorize all the policies typically addressed in a Farm Bill.
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Reconciliation was not a substitute for the full legislative package. CRS explains that reconciliation rules allow actions with a budgetary effect on mandatory spending; they could not be used to reauthorize areas such as farm loans, rural development and agricultural research. A Farm Bill can address those areas and make further changes to other policies.
Some programs have authority extending beyond FY2026. USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service identifies the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program, Conservation Stewardship Program, Environmental Quality Incentives Program and Regional Conservation Partnership Program among conservation programs with authority through FY2031 after the 2025 law. That longer authority for selected programs does not mean every Farm Bill policy has the same timeline.
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There is no single expiration date or consequence for every program. CRS says some programs are extended or permanently authorized, while several others are scheduled to expire at the end of FY2026 or crop year 2026 if Congress does not act. Depending on the program, authority could cease, or appropriations could be needed to keep operations going.
One specific contingency concerns permanent-law price-support rules for selected commodities whose operation has been suspended. CRS flags a possible restoration beginning January 1, 2027, if the extension expires without further action; dairy would be affected first. This is a potential consequence of inaction, not a change already in force.
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How does a Farm Bill become law?
USDA ERS describes the process as complex and multistep. A committee report or committee-approved bill is only one stage; both chambers must ultimately pass the same legislative text, and the President must receive it.
- Committee consideration: House and Senate committees develop and consider their proposals, including amendments.
- Chamber action: Each chamber debates and votes on its bill. The Senate committee’s September action does not itself mean the full Senate has passed a bill.
- Reconciliation: If the House and Senate pass different versions, a conference committee may negotiate a compromise.
- Final votes and presentment: Both chambers must pass the compromise before it is presented to the President.
How to assess the competing proposals
Once Senate text and a score are available, readers can compare the proposals on questions that matter to program users and the federal budget—not just on the bills’ titles or headline spending numbers.
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- Coverage: Which expiring or previously uncovered programs does each proposal address?
- Policy choices: What does each say about commodity support, conservation, nutrition, crop insurance, research and rural development?
- Budget effects: What does CBO estimate for mandatory spending, and over which budget windows?
- Timing: When would provisions take effect, and what changes would program participants or agencies need to implement?
Until the Senate proposal’s text and score are released, a provision-by-provision comparison or a claim that one version has a particular cost would go beyond the status information available in CRS’s September 24 update.
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