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1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsOracle and OpenAI announced on July 22, 2025, an agreement to develop up to 4.5 gigawatts (GW) of additional U.S. data-center capacity for OpenAI’s Stargate initiative. OpenAI said that, including Stargate’s Abilene, Texas campus, more than 5 GW would be under development, supporting more than 2 million chips and potentially creating more than 100,000 construction and operating jobs.
The important qualification is that 4.5 GW is a multi-site development target—not a single completed facility or immediately usable block of computing power. As of August 18, 2026, projects connected with the arrangement ranged from partly operational to under construction, contracted, announced, or still subject to permitting.
What the Oracle–OpenAI agreement covers
The agreement announced by OpenAI covers up to 4.5 GW of additional U.S. Stargate data-center capacity. The facilities are intended to run OpenAI workloads, including model training and inference.
Stargate is broader than Oracle. It is OpenAI’s U.S. infrastructure program, associated with SoftBank and multiple developers, utilities, hardware suppliers, financiers and contractors. OpenAI has described the wider ambition as $500 billion of investment and 10 GW of U.S. AI infrastructure over four years; a later OpenAI update framed the capacity objective as 10 GW by 2029.
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OpenAI’s announcement also linked the broader buildout to more than 2 million chips and estimated more than 100,000 jobs across construction and operations. Those are company estimates, not an independently audited employment or hardware forecast.
Why 4.5 GW is not “4.5 GW of compute”
A gigawatt measures power capacity, not computing performance. In this context it may describe electrical capacity serving servers, networking, storage, cooling, power conversion and other data-center systems. Calling it “compute” is convenient shorthand but technically incomplete.
No reliable GPU count or performance figure can be derived from 4.5 GW alone. The result depends on accelerator model and thermal design power, server configuration, utilization, networking and storage overhead, cooling efficiency, power-distribution losses, and whether the stated figure means facility capacity, IT load or contracted utility supply.
OpenAI has not published a complete chip-by-chip configuration or a precise power-usage-effectiveness calculation for the agreement. The 2-million-chip estimate therefore should not be converted into a specific number of GPUs or exaflops.
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Where the projects stood on August 18, 2026
Oracle’s project information and company announcements show a portfolio at different stages rather than one uniform buildout.
| Location | Partners and role | Status | What is known |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abilene, Texas | OpenAI, Oracle and infrastructure partners including Crusoe-related development | Partly operational | OpenAI says the campus is training and serving frontier systems. Oracle’s data-center page reported 42% of total capacity delivered, with the remainder scheduled for later quarters. |
| Shackelford County, Texas | OpenAI, Oracle and site and power partners | Contracted | Oracle said the project was contracted in August 2025, with 115 MW available and customer delivery beginning in the first half of 2027. |
| Doña Ana County, New Mexico (Project Jupiter) | Oracle, OpenAI and development and energy partners | Planned; permitting and power review ongoing | Oracle has proposed on-site generation and microgrids, including natural-gas power with planned renewable or carbon-free integration. The company projects more than 4,000 construction jobs, about 1,500 ongoing direct positions and more than $4.7 billion in New Mexico economic contribution. |
| Port Washington, Wisconsin | OpenAI, Oracle, Vantage Data Centers and We Energies | Announced and in development | The announcement projected more than 4,000 skilled construction jobs. Vantage was described as underwriting power infrastructure through a dedicated electricity-rate arrangement. |
| Saline Township, Michigan (“The Barn”) | OpenAI, Oracle, Related Digital, Blackstone and Walbridge | Under construction | Oracle said more than $5 billion of site construction investment was expected to benefit Michigan contractors and suppliers. DTE was identified as the power provider, with battery storage intended to support reliability and estimated grid savings. |
Sources: Oracle’s data-center status page, OpenAI’s Stargate community update and the project announcements linked below.
How Oracle fits into the infrastructure stack
- OpenAI: The model developer and intended customer for the capacity.
- Oracle Cloud Infrastructure: Cloud and infrastructure operator associated with the deployments.
- Campus developers: Companies such as Crusoe, Vantage and Related Digital develop or construct individual sites.
- Power providers: Utilities, microgrid operators, generation suppliers, battery companies and fuel-cell providers deliver electricity and resilience.
- Hardware vendors: Nvidia and potentially other accelerator suppliers provide chips and systems.
- Financiers and contractors: Infrastructure funds, investors, engineering firms and construction companies fund and deliver buildings, substations, cooling and networks.
Oracle therefore should not be treated as the owner, builder, GPU supplier or financier of every element of the $500 billion Stargate objective.
Why the deal matters to OpenAI and Oracle
OpenAI’s capacity strategy
Large dedicated campuses give OpenAI more control over training and inference capacity, support expansion of model deployment and reduce dependence on any single facility or cloud relationship. Microsoft continues to provide cloud services to OpenAI, including through Stargate, so the Oracle arrangement is diversification rather than a replacement of every existing provider.
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For Oracle, OpenAI is a potential anchor customer for large GPU campuses. The arrangement helps position Oracle Cloud Infrastructure as a major AI infrastructure provider while combining cloud operations with site development, power procurement and project partnerships. The cited announcements do not disclose complete commercial terms, total capital expenditure or a public take-or-pay schedule.
The central bottleneck is electricity
AI campuses need more than buildings and chips. Utilities or developers must secure interconnection, substations, transmission, cooling capacity, fuel, backup systems and permits in the correct sequence.
On-site generation and microgrids can avoid constrained grid connections or speed deployment. They can also create emissions, fuel-supply, noise and air-permit issues. Grid-connected sites may require major transmission and substation upgrades. A developer’s promise that a project will not raise local electricity rates is a project claim, not an independent finding that there will be no broader system effect.
Project Jupiter illustrates the issue: its updated power plan remained subject to public review in 2026 even after the campus had been announced. That means a public project announcement does not establish that power is finally approved or available.
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Cooling, water and local impacts
High-density AI systems require substantial cooling, but designs differ by campus. OpenAI has described water-efficient approaches for specific facilities; those descriptions should not be generalized to every Stargate site. The company’s comparison of cooling demand with four average households applies to the particular full-buildout design it described, not to all Oracle or Stargate campuses.
Local communities therefore need to evaluate each project’s water source, discharge rules, generation mix, air permits, land use, road construction, tax arrangements and utility contracts separately.
What “up to 4.5 GW” means for investors and communities
Capacity can move through several stages:
- Announced: A company identifies a proposed location or partnership.
- Contracted: Parties have signed an agreement for development or customer delivery.
- Permitted: Required land-use, environmental or power approvals are obtained.
- Power-ready: Interconnection, generation and supporting electrical systems can serve the site.
- Installed: Buildings, cooling, networks and equipment are physically deployed.
- Operational: Systems are running and available for customer workloads.
The 4.5-GW figure is a ceiling for additional development, not proof that all 4.5 GW is installed, energized or being used by OpenAI. Final capacity by site, delivery dates for every campus, accelerator models, ownership structures, energy mix and contract economics remain partly undisclosed.
What is confirmed—and what is not
- Confirmed: The July 22, 2025 agreement for up to 4.5 GW of additional U.S. capacity.
- Confirmed: Abilene is partly operational and training and serving OpenAI systems.
- Confirmed: Shackelford has a reported 115 MW available and a first-half-2027 customer-delivery target.
- Confirmed: Michigan’s Saline Township campus was under construction on June 1, 2026.
- Still conditional: Project Jupiter’s power configuration and final approvals.
- Not publicly established in the cited announcements: A complete site-by-site GW allocation, exact accelerator inventory, total project cost, final ownership of every asset and the detailed commercial contract between Oracle and OpenAI.
Bottom line
Oracle and OpenAI are pursuing a substantial, multi-year U.S. AI infrastructure program that could add up to 4.5 GW of Stargate capacity. The headline should not be read as 4.5 GW of finished OpenAI computing available today. Delivery depends on power, permitting, financing, construction sequencing, hardware supply and local infrastructure. As of August 18, 2026, the portfolio included an operating Abilene campus, a contracted Texas expansion, a Michigan site under construction, a Wisconsin development and a New Mexico project still tied to power and permitting decisions.
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