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What Are Employability Skills? Definition and Examples

Employability skills help people get and keep work, contribute, adapt and progress. See common examples and ways to demonstrate them with specific evidence.

By TheFinanceBase Team 4 min read
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Employability skills are transferable abilities, knowledge and work habits that help you get and keep a job, contribute effectively, progress, adapt to change and move into other work when needed. Examples include communication, teamwork, problem solving, reliability, planning, learning and digital skills. The right mix depends on the job: these broad capabilities complement, rather than replace, occupation-specific technical skills.

What are employability skills?

Employability describes more than getting hired. The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines it in terms of the skills, knowledge and competencies that help a person secure and retain work, progress, cope with change and obtain another job when circumstances call for it. The ILO also notes that employability is not produced by training alone: it depends in part on whether the wider economy creates and sustains quality jobs. The ILO’s report on learning and training for work describes employability as a broad outcome of education, training and other policies.

The OECD describes employability skills as competencies useful across occupational areas. They can support participation in work, education and wider life, and they can be learned. That transferability makes them useful when you change roles or industries, though each job still calls for its own technical knowledge and abilities. The OECD’s discussion of employability skills includes cognitive and interpersonal competencies such as problem solving, communication and collaboration.

What are examples of employability skills?

Skill names are easier to understand when paired with observable behaviors. These examples are common across frameworks, not a universal checklist.

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  • Communication: listening carefully, speaking clearly, writing useful information and adjusting a message to its audience or situation.
  • Teamwork: contributing to shared goals, communicating with colleagues, supporting teammates and working through disagreements.
  • Problem solving and critical thinking: identifying an issue, considering relevant information or options, and choosing a response. Some frameworks also name decision-making separately.
  • Reliability and professionalism: following through on commitments, being dependable and acting with integrity.
  • Adaptability and learning: responding to changing expectations, using feedback and learning new methods.
  • Planning and self-management: organizing tasks and time, taking initiative and managing responsibilities.
  • Digital and technology skills: using basic computer skills and the tools or technology relevant to the work.
  • Literacy and numeracy: reading, writing and working with numbers well enough to handle the demands of a task.

The U.S. Department of Labor-sponsored CareerOneStop Competency Model Clearinghouse organizes foundational competencies into personal effectiveness, academic and workplace tiers, then distinguishes those from industry- and occupation-specific requirements. Its examples include dependability, literacy, numeracy, communication, planning and technology use. CareerOneStop’s competency-model overview explains the building-block approach.

Is there one official list of employability skills?

No single list applies to every role or framework. Some models emphasize transferable capabilities; others group personal qualities, academic skills and workplace behaviors, then add requirements specific to an industry or occupation. The OECD’s cross-occupational framing and CareerOneStop’s tiered model organize the subject differently, so it is more useful to treat their lists as complementary than to look for one definitive set.

For example, an OECD chapter on generic learning outcomes in Australia and New Zealand reports that the Australian Employability Skills Framework, developed by the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Business Council of Australia in 2002, identified eight skills: communication, teamwork, problem solving, initiative and enterprise, planning and organising, self-management, learning, and technology. That is one framework’s list, not a universal count or a current worldwide standard. The OECD chapter describing the framework provides that historical context.

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Are employability skills the same as soft skills or technical skills?

They overlap with what people often call soft skills, such as communication, teamwork and adaptability, but “employability skills” can also include foundational academic capabilities such as literacy, numeracy and digital skills. The labels are not used identically by every framework.

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Technical skills are tied more closely to a particular occupation or task—for example, using specialized equipment or software. Employability skills tend to transfer between jobs, but neither category makes the other optional. A person needs an appropriate combination of general capabilities and the technical competencies required for the target role.

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How do I show employability skills on a resume or in an interview?

Give evidence of what you did instead of relying on unsupported labels such as “great communicator” or “team player.” A concise example can identify the situation or shared goal, your action and the outcome. Make clear what your own contribution was.

  1. Name the setting or goal: for example, a group assignment, volunteer event, work shift or personal project.
  2. Describe the challenge or responsibility: explain what needed to be completed, coordinated or resolved.
  3. State your actions: say how you communicated, organized tasks, supported others or addressed a problem.
  4. Give the outcome: explain what changed or was completed without claiming results you cannot substantiate.

For a teamwork example, you might describe how you kept teammates informed, helped the group meet a shared deadline or brought people together to resolve a disagreement. CareerOneStop’s model lists behaviors such as cooperating, communicating with a team and reconciling differences. Evidence can come from paid work, education, volunteering, caregiving, community activity or personal projects, provided you identify the context honestly.

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Can employability skills be learned?

Yes. The OECD characterizes employability skills as learnable, and many can be strengthened through practice, feedback and reflection. Start with a particular role rather than trying to improve every skill at once: identify the behaviors it requires, practice them in a relevant setting, and ask for specific feedback on what to adjust.

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In the United States, CareerOneStop offers competency-model resources, including model-building guides and worksheets that can be used offline, and a skills assessment tool. These are U.S.-oriented starting points; people in other countries can check national employment services and local occupational frameworks.

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