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import duties

Trump’s Reciprocal Tariff Rates: What Was Announced and What Changed

The April 2025 reciprocal-tariff announcement set a 10% baseline and higher country-specific rates, but later actions changed the program. Here’s the timeline and what importers need to verify.

By TheFinanceBase Team 4 min read

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On April 2, 2025, President Donald Trump announced a 10% baseline additional tariff on covered imports and higher country-specific rates under Executive Order 14257. Those were the original announced rates—not a reliable guide to what is collected today. Subsequent orders changed the program, and a February 2026 order ended specified IEEPA duties, including duties under the amended reciprocal-tariff order. A shipment’s current duty depends on its entry date, origin, product classification, exclusions and later actions.

What were Trump’s reciprocal tariffs?

“Reciprocal tariffs” was the administration’s label for the program established by Executive Order 14257 on April 2, 2025. The order declared an emergency based on what the administration described as large and persistent U.S. goods-trade deficits and a lack of reciprocity in trading relationships. That is the administration’s stated rationale, not an uncontested finding.

The order set a 10% additional duty for covered imports, effective April 5, 2025, and higher country-specific rates in Annex I, initially scheduled to take effect April 9. Annex II listed goods excluded from the order’s ad valorem rates. The order’s text says: “The following goods as set forth in Annex II to this order, consistent with law, shall not be subject to the ad valorem rates of duty under this order.” The order and its annexes are the source for the original country schedule and exclusions; those announced figures should not be read as today’s collected rates.

The calculation behind the “reciprocal” label was not a line-by-line match of each trading partner’s tariff schedule. The order used country-level goods-trade deficits and U.S. imports to derive its country rates.

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How the original announcement changed

The April 2 schedule did not remain fixed. Later actions and pauses altered the announced country rates, while agreements and actions under other legal authorities further changed the policy landscape. The Congressional Research Service timeline describes the 2025 sequence; the USTR presidential tariff actions index lists subsequent actions.

Date or period Action What it means for the April 2 rates
April 2, 2025 Executive Order 14257 announced a 10% baseline and higher country-specific rates, subject to exclusions. This is the original announcement, not a current universal rate. The baseline was scheduled for April 5 and the initial higher rates for April 9. White House order
2025 Further executive actions and a pause changed the initial schedule. The original country table ceased to be a stable guide to operative rates. CRS timeline
November 4, 2025 A China-related order continued suspension of heightened reciprocal tariffs on Chinese imports until 12:01 a.m. Eastern time on November 10, 2026, under its terms. This was a time-limited provision in the China arrangement, not a general rate statement for all imports from China or other countries. White House order
February 20, 2026 The White House issued “Ending Certain Tariff Actions.” It ended specified additional duties imposed pursuant to IEEPA, expressly including duties under the amended April 2 reciprocal-tariff order. It did not say that every U.S. tariff ended. White House order
Early 2026 USTR reported final Agreements on Reciprocal Trade with Argentina, Bangladesh, Cambodia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Indonesia, Malaysia and Taiwan, among other negotiations and frameworks. Country treatment also depends on applicable later arrangements, rather than only on the April 2025 table. USTR 2026 Trade Policy Agenda and 2025 Annual Report
July 23, 2026 A separate White House memorandum addressed Section 301 investigations related to forced-labor import prohibitions. Those proposed measures are legally distinct from the April 2025 IEEPA announcement; their rates should not be added to its country table as though they were one tariff program. White House memorandum

Why the announced rate is not necessarily an importer’s duty

A headline country rate is not the same as the total duty due on an entry. The result can depend on:

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  • the date the goods entered or are scheduled to enter;
  • country of origin, which is not necessarily the country from which the goods were shipped;
  • the product’s Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) classification;
  • whether the product is covered by an exclusion;
  • pre-existing duties, later tariff actions and any applicable agreement or trade treatment.

For the original implementation, U.S. Customs and Border Protection directed filers to report a Chapter 99 secondary classification where reciprocal tariffs applied and pointed to the order’s annexes for rates and exclusions. That April 2025 guidance is historical implementation material, not a substitute for checking current official instructions. Consult CBP’s reciprocal-tariff guidance and current HTS and CBP materials for a live entry. This article does not calculate a rate for a particular shipment.

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How to check a specific shipment

  1. Confirm the entry date. Identify when the goods will enter the United States; a rate announced for an earlier period may have been paused, replaced or ended.
  2. Establish the country of origin. Do not substitute the shipping country for origin without confirming the applicable origin rules.
  3. Identify the HTS classification. The product classification determines which tariff provisions may apply.
  4. Check exclusions and later actions. Review the applicable order and annexes, current CBP instructions, the HTS, and later presidential actions or agreements for the relevant product, country and date.
  5. Verify the entry treatment before filing. Use current official guidance for the entry rather than relying on the April 2025 announcement or historical CBP filing instructions alone.

The official materials cited here establish policy dates and actions, not an independent estimate of effects on consumer prices, jobs, GDP or the total tariff burden. They are not a basis for predicting what a household will pay.

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