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PCB Makers Need to Ramp Up as AI Spurs Demand

AI is raising demand for high-layer-count PCBs and advanced substrates, prompting manufacturers to expand capacity, upgrade equipment and automate production. Here are the regional strengths, supply constraints and company signals to watch.
From TheFinanceBase Team8 min to read
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AI servers and data centers need increasingly complex printed circuit boards (PCBs), from high-layer-count boards that connect processors, memory and networking hardware to advanced substrates that support AI chips. Meeting the demand is not simply a matter of building more factories: manufacturers must add qualified capacity, secure materials, upgrade equipment and automate production without compromising reliability.

For investors and industry watchers, the opportunity is distributed across the supply chain. PCB manufacturers, advanced-substrate specialists and suppliers of drilling, plating chemistry and inspection equipment may all see more demand. But reported growth forecasts and company results are not guarantees of future sales, and the available figures do not identify which companies will capture the most value.

Why AI servers need more—and more complex—PCBs

PCBs provide the electrical connections that let processors, memory, power systems and networking components work together. AI servers and high-performance computing systems place heavier demands on those connections than many conventional applications. They need boards that can accommodate dense component layouts, high-speed signals and greater system complexity.

That pushes manufacturers toward more layers, finer interconnects and more demanding production processes. The supply chain also includes advanced chip substrates, which are distinct from the larger circuit boards in a server but are essential to connecting and supporting high-performance chips. A shortage or qualification delay in either part of the chain can constrain completed systems.

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A market analysis from May 2023, as reported secondhand by EIPC in March 2024, estimated a 12% compound annual growth rate for AI-server PCBs from 2023 through 2029. EIPC also cited analysts who said AI-server components could grow from below 3% to 38% of revenue at one Taiwanese PCB maker. Those are reported estimates and analyst commentary, not independently verified forecasts by EIPC; the company and the analysts were not identified in the cited account.

What PCB makers need to ramp up

Qualified high-layer-count and HDI capacity

Adding floor space or installing machines does not immediately create usable supply. A factory must establish and qualify processes for the relevant board designs and reliability requirements. Manufacturers need capacity for high-layer-count boards and high-density interconnect (HDI), alongside rigid and flexible board production where required by the product mix. Qualification, yield and consistent quality matter as much as nominal production capacity.

Advanced substrates and materials

TPCA identifies advanced substrates—including ABF and substrates for AI chips—as a strategic pressure point as AI-server demand grows. It says high-end PCB materials face supply tightness, and that substrate constraints can affect AI-server delivery schedules. Japanese suppliers are described as leaders in process capability and stability.

For manufacturers, that makes material access and supplier qualification part of capacity planning, not a purchasing detail to address after a factory expansion. A line cannot ramp reliably if the needed materials are unavailable or if substitutes have not been qualified for the application.

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Drilling, plating and process equipment

More layers and denser interconnects raise the demands on drilling, metallization and process control. MKS Instruments reported robust orders for laser drilling, chemistry and chemistry equipment, tying that demand to AI-related increases in board layer counts and manufacturing complexity. These are company-reported observations, rather than an industry-wide equipment forecast.

Inspection, automation and workforce readiness

Manufacturers can also use automation to improve throughput and catch defects earlier. EIPC describes AI-assisted routing and placement, AI quality-control systems for detecting nanoscale issues, X-ray inspection and collaborative robots as examples. It reports that one PCB assembly line increased speed by 25% after introducing collaborative robots; that is a single example, not a general productivity benchmark. EIPC also says AI routing and placement tools can make turnaround periods up to ten times shorter, without establishing that result as typical across factories or designs.

Automation still needs human supervision. Workers need training to operate new platforms, check system outputs and respond when inspection or process controls flag a problem. Speed gains that undermine traceability or quality can be counterproductive in high-reliability server production.

Where regional PCB production is concentrated

TPCA/ITRI IEK’s 2025 figures describe a regionally concentrated industry with different strengths. China is the largest producer by the reported 2024 output measure; Japan is particularly important in advanced substrates; and South Korea has substantial substrate output and suppliers serving server, memory and networking applications.

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Region Reported output or share Outlook and reported industry position
China 34.9% of global PCB output, valued at USD 27.95 billion in 2024, according to TPCA/ITRI IEK (2025). TPCA/ITRI IEK projected 2025 output of USD 34.18 billion, up 22.3%. It attributed growth to AI servers, data centers and EVs, and described Chinese manufacturers as upgrading their product mix and expanding overseas, including in Thailand.
Japan PCB output of USD 11.53 billion in 2024, according to TPCA/ITRI IEK (2025). TPCA/ITRI IEK forecast output of USD 12.35 billion in 2026. It describes Japanese suppliers as having strong advanced-substrate process capability and stability, with Ibiden at roughly 70% of the AI GPU substrate market and TOPPAN and Kyocera expanding ABF lines.
South Korea PCB output of USD 7.86 billion in 2024; substrates accounted for 45% of Korean output, according to TPCA/ITRI IEK (2025). TPCA/ITRI IEK forecast output of USD 8.16 billion in 2026. It identifies SEMCO, Simmtech, Daeduck, Korea Circuit and LG Innotek in AI-server, memory and networking applications, and describes Korean suppliers as using Vietnam and Malaysia.

The China 2025 figure is a projection, while Japan’s and South Korea’s 2026 figures are forecasts in TPCA/ITRI IEK’s 2025 reporting; none should be read as finalized output results. The reported regional totals also do not, on their own, show how much output is specifically for AI servers, how much capacity is already committed, or which firms have secured customer qualifications.

Which companies and suppliers may benefit

Potential beneficiaries fall into several groups, but exposure to AI demand is not the same as guaranteed revenue growth or shareholder returns.

  • PCB manufacturers: Companies able to qualify high-layer-count and HDI boards for AI servers may compete for more orders. China’s producers are expanding output and overseas footprints, according to TPCA/ITRI IEK, but total regional output does not establish an individual company’s AI-server sales.
  • Advanced-substrate specialists: Japan-based Ibiden, TOPPAN and Kyocera are named by TPCA in connection with AI-chip substrates or ABF capacity. The cited account says Ibiden has roughly 70% of the AI GPU substrate market, but does not define the market’s boundaries or measurement period; treat the figure as TPCA’s reported estimate, not a universal share across all chip substrates.
  • Korean board and substrate suppliers: TPCA identifies SEMCO, Simmtech, Daeduck, Korea Circuit and LG Innotek in AI-server, memory and networking applications. Their inclusion indicates relevant industry exposure, not that every company has the same product mix or degree of AI demand.
  • Equipment and materials suppliers: Laser drilling, plating chemistry, chemistry equipment, inspection and metrology are tied to the manufacturing requirements of denser, more complex boards. MKS’s earnings commentary offers a company-specific indicator of equipment and chemistry demand, not a complete list of suppliers or an independent measure of the whole market.

A useful way to assess an individual company is to look for evidence of qualified products, actual customer programs, material access, utilization and yield—not just announcements of new capacity or broad exposure to data centers. The figures cited here do not provide a comparable company-by-company breakdown of those measures.

What current company results say about equipment demand

MKS Instruments reported Q1 2026 Electronics & Packaging revenue of $321 million, up 27% year over year. It said chemistry sales rose 22% year over year excluding foreign-exchange effects and palladium pass-through. MKS also reported that about 15% of chemistry revenue was AI-exposed, compared with an average of 10% in the prior year. These are company-reported results and classifications, not independent industry-wide statistics.

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MKS President and CEO John Lee said on the company’s May 7, 2026 earnings call: “AI is driving increased complexity and layer counts in advanced circuit board manufacturing.”

Lee also said MKS was positioned to support current demand and higher growth as it prepared to open a new supercenter facility in Malaysia in June 2026. That is management’s statement about its own capacity and plans; it does not establish that every supplier has adequate capacity or that the expansion has since met its targets.

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Can PCB makers keep up with AI demand?

The evidence points to a real expansion effort, but it does not establish that the supply chain can meet every future demand scenario without bottlenecks. Regional production is growing, companies are expanding facilities and MKS has reported higher equipment and chemistry demand. At the same time, TPCA identifies high-end materials and advanced substrates as tight, and the time needed to qualify processes means announced capacity may not translate immediately into reliable, saleable output.

How well manufacturers keep pace will depend on several linked factors:

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  • Capacity that matches the product: Additional output must be in the right board and substrate categories, at the layer counts and interconnect densities customers need.
  • Materials and process control: Reliable access to high-end materials, plating chemistry and other inputs must accompany equipment expansion.
  • Qualification and yield: New lines need to meet application requirements and produce consistently, not merely run at rated capacity.
  • Geographic resilience: Overseas expansion can diversify production footprints, but it does not by itself remove material, logistics or qualification constraints.
  • People and automation: Automated inspection and handling can support throughput, while trained staff remain responsible for oversight and exceptions.

TPCA describes Chinese firms expanding overseas, Korean suppliers using Vietnam and Malaysia, and Japan concentrating on advanced-substrate strengths. These strategies may help address geographic concentration, but the cited figures do not quantify how much new capacity is operational or how quickly it can serve specific customers.

What to watch as capacity ramps

For a finance-minded reader, the most useful signals are operational rather than headline demand estimates. A projected market growth rate can be compelling, but the investment case for a particular maker depends on whether it can convert demand into qualified shipments and profitable production.

  • Whether announced capacity is completed, qualified and producing at usable yields.
  • Whether substrate and high-end material availability improves or continues to constrain deliveries.
  • Whether revenue growth is actually tied to AI servers, rather than broader electronics or unrelated end markets.
  • Whether spending on drilling, chemistry, inspection and automation produces throughput gains without compromising reliability.
  • Whether overseas facilities add resilient, customer-qualified capacity rather than only a new geographic footprint.

The available regional forecasts and supplier commentary show a supply chain responding to AI-related complexity, but they are not enough to determine which company will earn the strongest returns. Investors should distinguish industry growth, company exposure, realized financial results and valuation; they are related questions, not interchangeable ones.

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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