Nvidia’s fiscal second quarter ended July 27, 2025, produced $46.743 billion in revenue. Two unnamed direct customers accounted for 23% and 16% of that quarterly total—39% combined, or approximately $18.23 billion based on the filing’s rounded percentages. The disclosure is a meaningful short-term concentration risk, but it does not establish that two companies were the ultimate users of all the Nvidia hardware involved.
Nvidia reported the figures in its fiscal Q2 2026 Form 10-Q, filed August 27, 2025. The sales were primarily attributed to its Compute & Networking segment.
What Nvidia actually disclosed
| Measure | Fiscal Q2 2026 disclosure |
|---|---|
| Total revenue | $46.743 billion |
| Unnamed Customer A | 23% of quarterly revenue |
| Unnamed Customer B | 16% of quarterly revenue |
| Combined share | 39% of total company revenue |
| Estimated combined sales | Approximately $18.23 billion |
| Data Center revenue | $41.1 billion |
| Data Center share of total revenue | Approximately 88% |
The estimated dollar amount is a calculation, not a separately reported figure: $46.743 billion multiplied by 39% equals about $18.23 billion. Because Nvidia reports the customer percentages as whole numbers, the result is necessarily approximate.
For context, Nvidia said total revenue increased 6% sequentially and 56% year over year in its Q2 fiscal 2026 earnings release. Data Center revenue made up almost nine-tenths of the company’s quarterly sales, making customer concentration particularly relevant to the AI-infrastructure business.
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“Direct customer” does not mean “ultimate buyer”
Nvidia’s accounting category covers entities that purchase directly from Nvidia, including distributors, original equipment manufacturers, original design manufacturers, add-in-board manufacturers and system integrators. An indirect customer may buy the resulting products through one of those companies. Nvidia’s customer-concentration explanation appears in its Q2 filing.
A direct account could therefore be assembling complete servers, distributing components or systems, or supplying infrastructure for several cloud providers, consumer-internet companies, enterprises or public-sector customers. The 23% and 16% figures measure Nvidia’s invoiced sales channel during one quarter; they do not identify who ultimately operated every GPU or networking product.
Who were the two customers?
Nvidia did not name Customer A or Customer B. The filing does not confirm Microsoft, Amazon, Google, Meta, Oracle, OpenAI or any other company as either customer. The accounts could be large system builders, OEMs, distributors, cloud-infrastructure providers or other channel partners.
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Investors may infer that major AI deployments are represented somewhere in the chain, but the underlying end customers are not established by this disclosure. Treating the two labels as named hyperscalers would go beyond the evidence.
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Why 39% concentration matters
Shipment timing can move quarterly results
If a large buyer delays a delivery, changes deployment timing or encounters inventory or financing constraints, Nvidia’s reported revenue can be affected quickly. Large orders also give major buyers leverage over price, delivery schedules and system configurations.
Capital spending may become more cyclical
The largest AI infrastructure purchasers are committing substantial capital today, but their spending can occur in waves. A pause by several large buyers at once would make Nvidia’s quarterly growth more sensitive to deployment schedules.
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Inventory and product-cycle exposure
Direct customers may build inventory ahead of downstream demand or order around a particular GPU and networking architecture. That creates duration and product-cycle questions: a strong shipment quarter does not by itself prove that the same run rate will continue.
The risk is not automatically a $18.23 billion loss
The concentration does not mean Nvidia would immediately lose all estimated sales if one account slowed. Direct customers may serve multiple downstream purchasers, other customers may replace some demand, and quarterly percentages can change with shipment timing. The figure is best understood as exposure to earnings volatility, not a forecast of a specific revenue shortfall.
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- Large direct accounts can aggregate demand from many end users.
- A concentrated customer base can reflect Nvidia winning the largest and fastest-growing AI deployments.
- Nvidia sells products across data-center, gaming, professional-visualization and automotive markets, even though Data Center dominated this quarter.
- Customer mix can change as new system builders, distributors and infrastructure operators enter the market.
Analysts can reasonably argue that a small number of hyperscalers and system builders generate unusually large orders during a platform transition. The more important questions are whether those deployments support durable, profitable workloads and whether downstream demand is diversified.
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Was the concentration new?
No. Nvidia’s fiscal Q1 2026 filing reported two direct customers at 16% and 14% of revenue, or 30% combined, also primarily in Compute & Networking. The Q2 disclosure was higher at 23% and 16%.
That sequential increase suggests intensified concentration, but it does not prove the same legal entities were Customer A and Customer B in both quarters. Nvidia’s later filings caution that customers identified in one reporting period may differ from those identified in another. The Q1 figures are in the fiscal Q1 2026 Form 10-Q.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What later filings show
The concentration remained material, but its composition changed. Nvidia’s fiscal Q3 2026 filing reported four direct customers above 10% of quarterly revenue: 22%, 15%, 13% and 11%. For the first nine months of fiscal 2026, two direct customers represented 21% and 13%. The filing again noted that the customers reported in one period may not be the same as those reported previously. See the Q3 filing.
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Nvidia’s fiscal 2026 annual filing later reported one direct customer at 22% of full-year revenue and another at 14%, primarily in Compute & Networking. That annual view reinforces that concentration did not disappear, while also showing why the Q2 pair should not be treated as a permanent, fixed combination. The figures are in the fiscal 2026 Form 10-K.
Revenue concentration versus accounts receivable
Nvidia separately reported that three direct customers represented 23%, 19% and 14% of accounts receivable as of July 27, 2025. Those percentages describe unpaid balances on the balance-sheet date, not the quarter’s revenue, and they should not be added to or substituted for the 23% and 16% revenue figures.
What investors should monitor next
- Customer percentages: Check whether the number and identity of accounts above 10% change in each new filing.
- Data Center growth: Compare sequential revenue growth with shipment timing and management commentary.
- Margins: Watch for pricing pressure from large buyers or shifts in system and networking mix.
- Inventory and receivables: Look for signs that channel inventory or unpaid balances are rising faster than sales.
- Hyperscaler capital expenditure: Track whether major infrastructure customers sustain their buildout plans.
- Competitive substitution: Treat proprietary accelerators as a strategic risk to future demand, not as proof of imminent displacement.
- Customer diversification: Note whether additional customers begin appearing above the reporting threshold.
The balanced interpretation
Two unnamed direct customers accounted for 39% of Nvidia’s fiscal Q2 2026 revenue, making concentration a real near-term demand and earnings-volatility risk. But the filing does not say that two ultimate end users controlled 39% of Nvidia’s business. The customers may have been intermediaries serving multiple buyers, the percentages were quarterly and rounded, and later filings show that the mix changed while concentration remained significant.
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