The Tool Desk
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This roundup covers projects announced, reported or advanced during October 2025, even where the original commitment may have come earlier. Planned megawatts are not operating capacity, and investment figures may represent a multi-year commitment, financing transaction or projected buildout rather than money already spent.
October’s most consequential developments
These projects illustrate why an announcement, a construction start and a financing deal should not be treated as equivalent milestones.
| Development | October status | What was announced or underway |
|---|---|---|
| Related Digital, Cheyenne, Wyoming | Groundbreaking | A first phase described as a $1.2 billion project within a campus planned for up to 302 MW of critical IT capacity. CoreWeave is the anchor tenant for 88 MW under a long-term lease. |
| Stargate, United States | Planned expansion | OpenAI said five additional sites, alongside existing projects, brought planned capacity to nearly 7 GW and more than $400 billion in planned investment over three years. These are company projections, not operating capacity. |
| Meta and Blue Owl, Hyperion | Financing and development joint venture | Blue Owl funds contributed approximately $7 billion in cash to the joint venture; Meta received a one-time distribution of approximately $3 billion and contributed land and construction-in-progress assets. |
| Data4, Hanau, Germany | Construction underway | A campus planned for 180 MW, with investment of up to €2 billion, on a former military-base site. |
| Argonne AI systems | Announced; construction beginning for Equinox | The U.S. Department of Energy described two systems with 10,000 and 100,000 NVIDIA Blackwell GPUs. This is public-sector supercomputing infrastructure, not a conventional commercial colocation campus. |
Sources: Related Digital, OpenAI, Meta and Blue Owl announcement, Digital Core REIT operational update, and the U.S. Department of Energy.
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North America: AI campuses and enabling infrastructure
Stargate’s U.S. site expansion
OpenAI announced five additional U.S. sites with Oracle and SoftBank. Named or described locations included Shackelford County and Milam County in Texas, Doña Ana County in New Mexico, Lordstown, Ohio, and a Midwest site later identified as Wisconsin. OpenAI said the three Oracle-related sites could provide more than 5.5 GW; Ohio and Texas projects developed through SoftBank partnerships could scale to 1.5 GW over 18 months. Those figures are planned capacity, not commissioned IT load. A potential 600-MW expansion near Abilene was also described. OpenAI’s broader stated goal was $500 billion and 10 GW by the end of 2025.
The distinction matters to investors and communities: a large capacity target signals intent and potential demand for land, power and construction, but it does not show that utilities have energized the sites or that customers can use the capacity.
Cheyenne: a construction milestone with an AI tenant
Related Digital broke ground on a 115-acre Cheyenne campus. Its first building is described as 184,000 square feet on 36 acres, with completion expected in late 2026. The developer says the design uses air-cooled chillers to minimize water consumption, with water use primarily for domestic needs. That is a project-specific design claim, not a general measure of water use at AI facilities. Related also projected more than $250 million in city and state tax revenue over the first 15 years, more than 700 construction jobs and 40 permanent jobs; these are developer projections.
Other U.S. projects and transactions
- New Mexico: Doña Ana County approved a $165 million industrial-revenue-bond package and tax incentives supporting four data centers and associated energy facilities by BorderPlex Digital Assets and Stack Infrastructure.
- Kansas City: A proposed Berkley Riverfront campus was described as a $100 billion development across 379 acres, with six hyperscale data centers totaling 1.8 million square feet. It is a proposal, not operating capacity or confirmed spending.
- Naval Air Station Lemoore, California: Ameresco, the U.S. Navy and CyrusOne planned a 100-MW AI-optimized facility with on-site energy-generation infrastructure.
- Gallatin, Tennessee: Meta was reported to be using rapid-deployment, weatherproof structures at its campus. The approach points to attempts to shorten delivery schedules; it does not mean the entire permanent campus is a tent.
- Portfolio acquisition: Centersquare announced plans to acquire 10 data centers across the United States and Canada for approximately $1 billion, which would expand its portfolio to 80 facilities. This is an ownership transaction, not 10 newly built centers.
- Specialized capacity: HydraVault planned a Tier 3-compatible Chicago facility for AI, machine learning and low-latency financial trading, with customer buildout estimated for 2026. Duos Edge AI deployed its fifth data center in Dumas, Texas, with the local independent school district. Oxford Quantum Circuits installed a quantum computer at Digital Realty’s Manhattan facility, described in the roundup as New York City’s first.
Grid and power supply
Hitachi Energy planned to invest $1 billion in grid-production capacity in response to data-center construction. Babcock & Wilcox and Denham Capital announced a partnership involving power-generation technologies, including converting coal plants to natural gas. These are enabling energy developments, not data-center capacity. They also underscore a practical constraint: a site’s announced megawatts do not establish that it has transmission access, an interconnection agreement or a reliable power supply.
Europe: construction, rented compute and policy choices
United Kingdom and Norway
The October roundup reported a $15 billion Nvidia–OpenAI initiative involving about 300,000 GPUs and data-center development through Nscale and CoreWeave. It also reported that Nscale raised $1.1 billion and was selected to develop OpenAI’s first Stargate site in the United Kingdom. These are secondary-source claims in the available coverage; they should not be read as proof that the stated GPUs were installed or that the full investment had been spent.
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In Norway, Microsoft reportedly agreed to rent AI-compute capacity in a $6 billion arrangement, with Aker ASA and Nscale identified as providers. That describes a capacity agreement, not necessarily a Microsoft-owned data-center construction project.
Germany, the Netherlands and London
- Hanau, Germany: Data4 began construction on a planned 180-MW campus at a former military base. The company bought the roughly 25-acre site in 2023 and planned investment of up to €2 billion.
- Germany and the Netherlands: Oracle planned to invest $3 billion over five years in AI and cloud infrastructure: $2 billion focused on Germany’s Frankfurt cloud region and $1 billion in the Netherlands.
- Frankfurt: IONOS launched an 86,111-square-foot facility designed for AI, government, financial-services and other data-intensive workloads. The operational update reported a PUE of 1.23 at full load and renewable-energy operation.
- London: Vantage launched a second London campus facility of 194,000 square feet and 20 MW of IT capacity, as part of a planned three-campus buildout.
Gibraltar and Ireland
Pelagos Data Centres planned a 250-MW facility near the Port of Gibraltar, in five phases. The first phase was scheduled for late 2027, and the proposal called for operating independently of Gibraltar’s existing power grid. Ireland, meanwhile, was considering policy changes that could allow data centers to use fossil-fuel generation or private grid connections amid energy constraints. The policy remained under review, not final.
Latin America: a large Mexican proposal and a land-rights dispute
Mexico City
CloudHQ was reported to be planning six data centers in Mexico City, with a proposed $4.8 billion investment and a 900-MW private substation expected to open in 2027. The scale makes the power arrangement especially consequential, but the reported plan should not be mistaken for a completed build or a verified construction schedule.
Guatemala and Brazil
- Guatemala: Kio Data Centers planned a second facility, initially configured with two rooms of 500 kW each, with potential expansion to four rooms totaling 2 MW of IT load.
- Brazil: A legal challenge was reported against TikTok’s planned $10 billion data-center project. The Anacé Indigenous community alleged that authorities had not provided proper consultation and disputed land rights. The challenge illustrates how consultation, land claims and environmental review can materially affect a project’s path.
Asia-Pacific: regional capacity and early-stage discussions
Japan and China
- Osaka, Japan: EdgeConneX acquired a second data-center site in the Greater Osaka/Yawata area, with the completed site expected to provide 150 MW. Acquisition is not the same as completed capacity.
- Yokohama, Japan: JERA signed a memorandum of understanding to explore a data center on thermal-power-station grounds using low-carbon and decarbonized electricity. An MOU does not establish a final investment decision or construction start.
- China: A consortium led by Shenzhen Dongyangguang Industry reportedly completed a $4 billion acquisition of Bain Capital’s data-center assets in China. This is a portfolio ownership change, not new-build capacity.
India, Australia and New Zealand
- India: OpenAI reportedly began discussions with Sify Technologies, Yotta Data Services, E2E Networks and CtrlS Datacenters about potential Stargate infrastructure. The discussions were exploratory, not a confirmed construction project.
- Sydney, Australia: GreenSquareDC advanced a campus planned for 110 MW. The company reportedly secured approval for an initial 15 MW of AI-enabled capacity and appointed a general contractor; first-phase completion was expected in the third quarter of 2026.
- New Zealand: Amazon launched cloud services in the country and planned to invest more than $4.4 billion in data centers across the South Pacific nation. The investment plan is not equivalent to $4.4 billion of newly commissioned facilities.
Middle East and Africa: investment and new construction
- Malaysia: Abu Dhabi Investment Authority invested $1.6 billion in Vantage Data Centers, enabling Vantage to acquire a 300-MW facility. This is a financing and ownership development with implications for regional capacity.
- Egypt: Helios Investment Partners received preliminary approval from Telecom Egypt to acquire a majority stake in a new subsidiary holding the operator’s Regional Data Hub assets in Cairo. The approval was preliminary, so the transaction should not be described as completed.
- Kenya: Airtel began construction on a 44-MW data center in Tatu City, described as supporting high-density GPU-ready racks, redundant fiber paths and enhanced security.
- Angola: Raxio Group was building a facility described as Angola’s first Tier 3 data center, designed for up to 800 racks and 7 MW of IT power. The available description does not establish whether the facility has Tier 3 certification.
What the announcements reveal about data-center development
AI is changing the scale and design brief
GPU-heavy workloads raise requirements for power density, cooling, network connectivity and rapid delivery. The Cheyenne CoreWeave lease, planned Stargate capacity, reported UK GPU initiative and Argonne systems all point to AI as a major driver. But a GPU count or planned campus size alone says little about when usable capacity will be available.
Power is part of the project, not a footnote
Private substations, on-site generation, proposed grid-independent operation and grid-equipment investment recur across the announcements. For operators, power access can determine site viability and delivery timing. For communities and utilities, the implications include transmission planning, competing demand and potential changes to generation. A claimed renewable or low-carbon supply also needs context: a direct supply arrangement, a power-purchase agreement and reliance on a regional grid mix are not interchangeable.
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Financing is diversifying
Meta’s Hyperion joint venture shows how a hyperscaler can combine its land and construction assets with institutional capital. Other announcements involved acquisitions, investment commitments and long-term capacity arrangements. Those structures can distribute capital needs and development risk, but a financing announcement does not prove that a facility is built, energized or fully leased.
Land, water and community consent can shape timelines
Repurposing a former military site in Hanau and using air-cooled chillers in Cheyenne show how location and design choices are presented as part of project planning. They do not settle broader questions about water, land use or local impact. The Brazil challenge and Ireland’s energy-policy debate make clear that permitting, consultation, fuel choices and grid rules can influence whether a proposal proceeds as announced.
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Capacity and investment figures are not directly comparable unless their definitions and project status are clear.
- Capacity: MW may refer to critical IT load, utility power, total campus power, an initial phase or ultimate buildout. It may also describe generation capacity rather than computing load.
- Investment: A figure may be a multi-year company plan, projected campus value, financing amount, property transaction or economic-impact estimate. It is not necessarily capital already deployed.
- Status: Groundbreaking or active construction is stronger evidence of physical progress than site acquisition or an announcement. Financing, an MOU and exploratory talks each signal different levels of commitment.
- Operations: A facility launch does not establish full occupancy or full buildout. Check whether it is open to customers, partially energized or serving workloads.
- Power and cooling: Look for interconnection, substations, generation, storage and cooling details. General claims about renewable energy or low water use should be tied to the specific project and design.
What to watch after October 2025
The useful follow-up signals are not simply revised headline totals. They are whether projects secure permits and financing, connect to the grid, begin construction, obtain tenants, receive equipment and energize the promised capacity. For contested or exploratory projects, legal decisions, community consultation and policy changes can be just as consequential as a developer’s schedule.
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