Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsAutomakers can earn money throughout a vehicle’s life—not only when a new car is delivered. Parts and repairs, financing and leasing, insurance, used vehicles, software and connected services, and mobility offerings can all contribute. Their effect on profit depends on what each activity costs and the risks it carries; revenue alone does not show how much money a company keeps.
Where automakers can earn money beyond new-vehicle sales
A carmaker may combine manufacturing with services that reach customers before, during, and after a vehicle purchase. The activities below are possible sources of revenue, but their significance varies by company and business model.
Parts, repairs, and aftersales
Replacement parts and workshop services can generate revenue after the original vehicle sale. Volkswagen’s 2025 revenue disclosure separately identifies genuine parts, used vehicles and third-party products, workshop services, and license revenue: Volkswagen Group Annual Report 2025. Revenue recognition and profitability depend on the activity and its associated costs; the disclosure does not establish that every automaker earns the same returns from aftersales.
Financing, leasing, and insurance
Some automaker groups offer financing, leasing, insurance, and related contracts alongside vehicles. These activities can extend the business relationship over a customer’s ownership or lease period. Their returns are exposed to factors such as funding costs and the value a leased vehicle retains when returned.
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Used vehicles and mobility
Used-car sales, rental, subscriptions, and other mobility services can put a manufacturer or its associated businesses into transactions beyond the first sale. Volkswagen describes rental and car subscriptions among the activities in its value chain. Whether these are reported as automaker revenue, handled by another entity, or reflected differently in group results depends on ownership and accounting boundaries.
Software, licenses, and connected services
Connected features, software upgrades, memberships, and licenses may create additional revenue. Li Auto’s 2025 Form 20-F describes internet connection service, over-the-air (OTA) upgrades, membership, non-warranty aftersales, parts, and accessories in its reported revenue model: Li Auto 2025 Form 20-F. This is an example of offerings a manufacturer may report, not evidence that connected services are a material profit source for the industry as a whole.
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Revenue is not the same as profitability
To understand whether a business line contributes meaningfully to earnings, look for an operating result or margin as well as revenue, and check which reporting unit the figures describe. Volkswagen Group’s fiscal 2025 figures illustrate why the distinction matters:
| Volkswagen reporting unit, fiscal 2025 | Sales revenue | Operating result |
|---|---|---|
| Group | €321.913 billion | €8.9 billion |
| Automotive division | €290.390 billion | €5.3 billion |
| Financial Services division | €62.136 billion | €3.7 billion |
These are Volkswagen-specific results for its 2025 fiscal year, not industry averages. The division revenues should not be added together or treated as incremental group revenue: the report includes consolidation adjustments between divisions. Volkswagen also says its Chinese joint ventures are equity-accounted, which affects how their results appear in group reporting. See the 2025 annual report for the company’s definitions and presentation.
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Rank #3
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- Usage Scenario:S type brake splitter pump hooks for automotive tools for brakes, bearings axles and suspensions. Holds calipers during brake pad change, for braking work, holds calipers securely
What can change the profit from each activity?
A revenue stream can grow while profit weakens if its costs or risks rise. Several forces can affect returns across the business:
- Costs and obligations: Parts, repairs, warranties, and service contracts carry delivery or fulfillment costs. Product development and investment also affect earnings.
- Interest rates and residual values: Financing economics depend on funding costs. Leasing results can be affected by the value of vehicles at the end of a contract; Volkswagen cited residual-value depreciation pressure in Financial Services.
- Pricing and vehicle mix: Discounts, price changes, and the mix of vehicles sold can shift operating results even when sales continue.
- Currency and regulation: Exchange-rate movements and regulatory requirements can affect costs and earnings. Volkswagen cited currency effects and CO₂ fleet regulation in discussing its 2025 results.
- Capital needs: Building new capabilities, such as a battery business, can require substantial spending before they contribute returns. Volkswagen cited expenses establishing its battery business.
- Accounting and structure: Captive finance arms, joint ventures, dealers, and mobility businesses may be consolidated, equity-accounted, or reported in different ways. Reported segment figures therefore do not always map neatly to standalone activities.
How to assess an automaker’s non-vehicle business
- Identify the measure: Separate sales revenue from operating result or margin, and confirm whether the figure is for a group, division, or another reporting unit.
- Check the period and scope: Use the same fiscal period where possible, and note consolidation adjustments, joint ventures, and regional or business-model differences.
- Consider timing: Vehicle deliveries, service work, financing, leasing, and subscriptions produce revenue at different points in a vehicle’s lifecycle. A recurring customer relationship does not by itself establish a higher profit margin.
- Account for exposure: Consider interest rates, residual values, warranty obligations, inventory, currency, regulation, and investment needs alongside the stated revenue.
Volkswagen says its business is based on a “broadly distributed and complex value chain.” That description helps explain why a manufacturer’s earnings cannot be understood from vehicle deliveries alone. But the available company examples do not establish a single most-profitable non-vehicle activity across the industry.
Quick Recap
Best Value
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